Consumer Rights Wiki - User contributions [en]

Talk:Kernel level anti-cheats

2025-06-18T18:29:50Z

Fireye: /* Broader implications of kernel driver abuse */ Reply

==Broader implications of kernel driver abuse==

This article is focused on kernel drivers when applied to anticheat software, however I'd argue there's also value in looking at the broader applications of this software and their repercussions, as seen in the crowdstrike outage last year, for example.

Do y'all reckon that warrants a separate wiki page? [[User:Fireye|Fireye]] ([[User talk:Fireye|talk]]) 23:21, 17 June 2025 (UTC)

:This is a pretty big issue and you could definately open a discussion on the larger implication of close sourced kernel level drivers. That would be make as a seperate article. Feel free to make it and we will add to it. Thanks for starting the discussion. [[User:Atsumari|Atsumari]] ([[User talk:Atsumari|talk]]) 05:10, 18 June 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks! Here's the init: [[Kernel Level Drivers]] [[User:Fireye|Fireye]] ([[User talk:Fireye|talk]]) 18:29, 18 June 2025 (UTC)

Kernel level driver

2025-06-18T18:28:21Z

Fireye: Init

Use of Kernel Level Drivers as a mandatory component of userspace software, such as for cybersecurity or [[Kernel Level Anti-Cheats]], is a process in which software companies will release proprietary drivers to be installed to the end user's kernel along with a piece of software, and in many cases will not allow that software to function without them.

==How it works==
Kernel drivers allow the computer to communicate with devices such as keyboards, mice, storage, network cards, and more. Such communication requires kernel level access to the operating system as these drivers each manage hyper specific hardware. However in order to gain this privileged access to end user machines, companies have begun writing drivers as a component of their userspace software and in some cases requiring it to load on boot.

==Why it is a problem==
Kernel access allows full system monitoring, which creates numerous privacy concerns.

Further, allowing third parties to define unnecessary drivers creates further points of failure that could end up bricking the operating system.

==Examples==

The 2024 Crowdstrike outage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=2024-07-19 |title=Major Windows BSOD issue hits banks, airlines, and TV broadcasters |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/7/19/24201717/windows-bsod-crowdstrike-outage-issue |url-status=live |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=The Verge}}</ref> shows the potential consequences of allowing third party kernel-level access.
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Common terms]]

Talk:Kernel level anti-cheats

2025-06-17T23:21:54Z

Fireye: /* Broader implications of kernel driver abuse */ new section

User:Fireye

2025-06-17T22:15:20Z

Fireye: Created page with "Game designer, FOSS user, musician, artist. Homepage: <nowiki>https://fireye.coffee</nowiki> They/Them I use Arch btw :3"

Game designer, FOSS user, musician, artist.

Homepage: <nowiki>https://fireye.coffee</nowiki>

They/Them

I use Arch btw :3

Kernel level anti-cheats

2025-06-17T20:01:10Z

Fireye: Add example

'''Kernel-level anti-cheat''' is a subset of anti-cheat dedicated towards running above the user level. These types of anti-cheat, such as [[Easy Anti-Cheat|Easy Anticheat]] (EAC), have grown in popularity among large developers for their online multiplayer games.{{Citation needed}} Alongside this rise in popularity is increasing concern from both consumers regarding their privacy with the use of this software,{{Citation needed}} and from security professionals who recognize the significant risks of kernel-level software being breached.{{Citation needed}}

==How it works==
Kernel level anti-cheats run at the {{Wplink|Kernel (operating system)|kernel level}}; the deepest and most authoritative level of the computer. In layman's terms, this essentially means the software is capable of tracking every process occurring on a computer, and additionally exhibit control if necessary. Alternatives to kernel level anticheat include user level anticheat which runs as a standard process on the player's machine, and server side anticheat which leaves the user's machine untouched and solely operates on the game's servers.

The arms race between hacking and anticheat software has seen hackers better able to circumvent user level anticheat in recent years, pushing more anticheat developers to demand kernel access from players and more developers to require use of a kernel anticheat to access their games.

==Consumer impact summary==
===Privacy concerns===
Kernel-level anti-cheat has access to every process that runs on a computer, from a simple video running in the background, to processes that may be more private for the user. As this software is designed to run on startup,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigney |first=Ryan K. |date=23 Feb 2024 |title=The Gamers Do Not Understand Anti-Cheat |url=https://www.pushtotalk.gg/p/the-gamers-do-not-understand-anti-cheat |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Push To Talk}}</ref> this means even if the intended game the software was installed for is not currently running, it retains the capability to track the user's behaviors. This can range from gathering data that could be sold to advertisers to, if the software itself is hijacked by a malicious actor, the harvesting of sensitive personal information.

===Security concerns===
As kernel-level software holds the highest authorization on the hardware of a user,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Litchfield |first=Ted |date=27 Feb 2024 |title=According to experts on kernel level anticheat, two things are abundantly clear: 1) It's not perfect and 2) It's not going anywhere |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/according-to-experts-on-kernel-level-anticheat-two-things-are-abundantly-clear-1-its-not-perfect-and-2-its-not-going-anywhere/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406200223/https://www.pcgamer.com/according-to-experts-on-kernel-level-anticheat-two-things-are-abundantly-clear-1-its-not-perfect-and-2-its-not-going-anywhere/ |archive-date=2025-04-06 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=PC Gamer}}</ref> this is favorable towards malicious actors.

If a malicious actor was to discover a security issue in a kernel level anti-cheat significant enough to allow them to hijack the software, they would be able to directly execute code at its level of access, allowing them to bypass security measures put in place by the {{Wplink|operating system}} and {{Wplink|Antivirus software|anti-virus software}}.

This is not a purely hypothetical scenario; it has already taken place in an incident with the popular {{Wplink|Gacha game|gacha}} co-op adventure [[Genshin Impact|''Genshin Impact'']], where the game's anti-cheat '''mhyprot2.sys''<nowiki/>' was hijacked by malicious actors to disable users' anti-virus software, with the intent of distributing {{Wplink|ransomware}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soliven |first=Ryan |last2=Kimura |first2=Hitomi |date=2022-08-24 |title=Ransomware Actor Abuses Genshin Impact Anti-Cheat Driver to Kill Antivirus |url=https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/h/ransomware-actor-abuses-genshin-impact-anti-cheat-driver-to-kill-antivirus.html}}</ref>

==Further reading==
*[[Electronic Arts|EA]] has a history of using anti-cheats such as [[Easy anti-cheat|EAC]], and recently switched to [[EA moves to in-house kernel-level anti-cheat on PC after purchase|an in-house developed kernel-level anti-cheat]].
*[[Rockstar Games|Rockstar]]'s ''Grand Theft Auto V'' [[GTA 5 moves to kernel-level anti-cheat on PC after purchase|moved to Kernel Level Anti-Cheats.]]
*[[Hoyoverse]]'s [[Genshin Impact|''Genshin Impact'']] has used a kernel-level anti-cheat since launch.
*Riot Games' Valorant uses an in house kernel-level anticheat called [https://support-valorant.riotgames.com/hc/en-us/articles/360046160933-What-is-Vanguard Vanguard]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Common terms]]

Kernel level anti-cheats

2025-06-17T08:26:13Z

Fireye: Add alternative anticheat approaches

'''Kernel-level anti-cheat''' is a subset of anti-cheat dedicated towards running above the user level. These types of anti-cheat, such as [[Easy Anti-Cheat|Easy Anticheat]] (EAC), have grown in popularity among large developers for their online multiplayer games.{{Citation needed}} Alongside this rise in popularity is increasing concern from both consumers regarding their privacy with the use of this software,{{Citation needed}} and from security professionals who recognize the significant risks of kernel-level software being breached.{{Citation needed}}

==How it works==
Kernel level anti-cheats run at the {{Wplink|Kernel (operating system)|kernel level}}; the deepest and most authoritative level of the computer. In layman's terms, this essentially means the software is capable of tracking every process occurring on a computer, and additionally exhibit control if necessary. Alternatives to kernel level anticheat include user level anticheat which runs as a standard process on the player's machine, and server side anticheat which leaves the user's machine untouched and solely operates on the game's servers.

The arms race between hacking and anticheat software has seen hackers better able to circumvent user level anticheat in recent years, pushing more anticheat developers to demand kernel access from players and more developers to require use of a kernel anticheat to access their games.

==Consumer impact summary==
===Privacy concerns===
Kernel-level anti-cheat has access to every process that runs on a computer, from a simple video running in the background, to processes that may be more private for the user. As this software is designed to run on startup,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigney |first=Ryan K. |date=23 Feb 2024 |title=The Gamers Do Not Understand Anti-Cheat |url=https://www.pushtotalk.gg/p/the-gamers-do-not-understand-anti-cheat |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Push To Talk}}</ref> this means even if the intended game the software was installed for is not currently running, it retains the capability to track the user's behaviors. This can range from gathering data that could be sold to advertisers to, if the software itself is hijacked by a malicious actor, the harvesting of sensitive personal information.

===Security concerns===
As kernel-level software holds the highest authorization on the hardware of a user,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Litchfield |first=Ted |date=27 Feb 2024 |title=According to experts on kernel level anticheat, two things are abundantly clear: 1) It's not perfect and 2) It's not going anywhere |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/according-to-experts-on-kernel-level-anticheat-two-things-are-abundantly-clear-1-its-not-perfect-and-2-its-not-going-anywhere/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406200223/https://www.pcgamer.com/according-to-experts-on-kernel-level-anticheat-two-things-are-abundantly-clear-1-its-not-perfect-and-2-its-not-going-anywhere/ |archive-date=2025-04-06 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=PC Gamer}}</ref> this is favorable towards malicious actors.

If a malicious actor was to discover a security issue in a kernel level anti-cheat significant enough to allow them to hijack the software, they would be able to directly execute code at its level of access, allowing them to bypass security measures put in place by the {{Wplink|operating system}} and {{Wplink|Antivirus software|anti-virus software}}.

This is not a purely hypothetical scenario; it has already taken place in an incident with the popular {{Wplink|Gacha game|gacha}} co-op adventure [[Genshin Impact|''Genshin Impact'']], where the game's anti-cheat '''mhyprot2.sys''<nowiki/>' was hijacked by malicious actors to disable users' anti-virus software, with the intent of distributing {{Wplink|ransomware}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soliven |first=Ryan |last2=Kimura |first2=Hitomi |date=2022-08-24 |title=Ransomware Actor Abuses Genshin Impact Anti-Cheat Driver to Kill Antivirus |url=https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/h/ransomware-actor-abuses-genshin-impact-anti-cheat-driver-to-kill-antivirus.html}}</ref>

==Further reading==
*[[Electronic Arts|EA]] has a history of using anti-cheats such as [[Easy anti-cheat|EAC]], and recently switched to [[EA moves to in-house kernel-level anti-cheat on PC after purchase|an in-house developed kernel-level anti-cheat]].
*[[Rockstar Games|Rockstar]]'s ''Grand Theft Auto V'' [[GTA 5 moves to kernel-level anti-cheat on PC after purchase|moved to Kernel Level Anti-Cheats.]]
*[[Hoyoverse]]'s [[Genshin Impact|''Genshin Impact'']] has used a kernel-level anti-cheat since launch.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Common terms]]

Unity Engine runtime fee

2025-06-16T22:37:46Z

Fireye: /* Consumer response */

{{StubNotice}}

''Unity Software Inc. (aka: Unity Technologies), a publicly traded software company known for their Unity game engine, implemented sweeping changes to its pricing model for Unity that would affect all users of the engine, forcing users to either adopt their per-download fee or de-list their games.''

==Background==
Unity is a well known game engine used by studios of all sizes, and very widely across the indie space due to its accessibility, capacity for both 2D and 3D development, and C# support. Prior to the runtime fee, Unity had multiple subscription tiers:

===Unity Personal===
Costs nothing and allows you to the Unity game engine to produce commercial works up until your revenue from the product created using the Unity game engine reaches 100,000$ at which point you're required to change license to one of the higher tiers.

===Unity Pro===
Costs [TBD]$ yearly per seat, and allows you to continue working on your projects past the 100,000$ revenue limit and gives additional features.

===Unity Enterprise===
[TBD]

==''Runtime fee''==
On September 12th, 2023, Unity announced a "Runtime Fee that’s based on game installs," which fundamentally altered their monetization model. This runtime fee aimed to charge developers a small amount every time an end user installed their application. To qualify for the fee, games must have passed a minimum revenue threshold within the past 12 months and a minimum lifetime install count threshold. The following table (taken directly from the original announcement) lays out specific thresholds and install costs that the new model would impose on engine users.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |first= |date=2023-09-12 |title=Unity plan pricing and packaging updates |url=https://blog.unity.com/news/plan-pricing-and-packaging-updates |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912135629/https://blog.unity.com/news/plan-pricing-and-packaging-updates |archive-date=2023-09-12 |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Unity Blog}}</ref><table class="table-responsive" style="width:100%;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000"><tr style="background-color:#2196f3;color:#ffffff"><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="15%"></th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="28%">Unity Personal and Unity Plus</th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="29%">Unity Pro</th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="28%">Unity Enterprise</th></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td colspan="4" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Unity Runtime Fee thresholds to be met</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Revenue Threshold (USD)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$200,000 (last 12mo)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$1,000,000 (last 12mo)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$1,000,000 (last 12mo)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Install Threshold</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">200,000 (life to date)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,000 (life to date)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,000 (life to date)</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Installs over the Install Threshold</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Standard monthly rate</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1–100,000</td><td rowspan="4" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.20 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.15 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.125 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">100,001–500,000</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.075 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.06 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">500,001–1,000,000</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.03 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,001+</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.01 per install</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Installs over the Install Threshold</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Emerging market monthly rate</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1+</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.01 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.005 per install</td></tr></table>
These fees were to be applied retroactively to any product using the unity runtime, including those released prior to this change.<ref name=":1">Needs citation
</ref>

This announcement also removed the popular unity plus plan, forcing developers to the more expensive Unity Pro plan if they wanted to remove the baked in unity splash screen.<ref name=":0" />

To ensure adoption of this change Unity quietly changed their EULA to allow for such a change and never notified their users, going as far to private their EULA Github repository which was created as a result of a prior incident where Unity Technologies changed quietly their EULA quietly.<ref name=":1" />

==Consumer impact==
''What the repercussions of the incident are for consumers in the context of "new" consumer protection (privacy,right to ownership,right to say no).''

==Consumer response==
The yearly GMTK Game jam released a series of statistics on engine usage within the jam, both in 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=2023-07-18 |title=game engines that people used to make 6835 game jam games |url=https://x.com/gamemakerstk/status/1681376508688883713 |url-status=live |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Twitter}}</ref> before the runtime fee announcement and in 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=2024-08-21 |title=game engines that people used to make 7,711 game jam games |url=https://x.com/gamemakerstk/status/1826184926393491689 |url-status=live |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Twitter}}</ref> afterwards. The 2023 results showed 59% of jam entries were made in the unity engine, while the next largest engine, Godot, (a free & open source competitor to unity), took a 19% share. The 2024 results see unity's share drop by 16% to an overall 43%, and Godot's more than double to 37%, Illustrating a significant exodus of talent from the unity platform correlating with the release of the runtime fee.

==References==
{{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Unity game engine runtime fee}}
[[Category:Unity engine]]
[[Category:Software licensing]]

Unity Engine runtime fee

2025-06-16T22:16:03Z

Fireye: /* References */

{{StubNotice}}

''Unity Software Inc. (aka: Unity Technologies), a publicly traded software company known for their Unity game engine, implemented sweeping changes to its pricing model for Unity that would affect all users of the engine, forcing users to either adopt their per-download fee or de-list their games.''

==Background==
Unity is a well known game engine used by studios of all sizes, and very widely across the indie space due to its accessibility, capacity for both 2D and 3D development, and C# support. Prior to the runtime fee, Unity had multiple subscription tiers:

===Unity Personal===
Costs nothing and allows you to the Unity game engine to produce commercial works up until your revenue from the product created using the Unity game engine reaches 100,000$ at which point you're required to change license to one of the higher tiers.

===Unity Pro===
Costs [TBD]$ yearly per seat, and allows you to continue working on your projects past the 100,000$ revenue limit and gives additional features.

===Unity Enterprise===
[TBD]

==''Runtime fee''==
On September 12th, 2023, Unity announced a "Runtime Fee that’s based on game installs," which fundamentally altered their monetization model. This runtime fee aimed to charge developers a small amount every time an end user installed their application. To qualify for the fee, games must have passed a minimum revenue threshold within the past 12 months and a minimum lifetime install count threshold. The following table (taken directly from the original announcement) lays out specific thresholds and install costs that the new model would impose on engine users.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |first= |date=2023-09-12 |title=Unity plan pricing and packaging updates |url=https://blog.unity.com/news/plan-pricing-and-packaging-updates |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912135629/https://blog.unity.com/news/plan-pricing-and-packaging-updates |archive-date=2023-09-12 |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Unity Blog}}</ref><table class="table-responsive" style="width:100%;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000"><tr style="background-color:#2196f3;color:#ffffff"><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="15%"></th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="28%">Unity Personal and Unity Plus</th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="29%">Unity Pro</th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="28%">Unity Enterprise</th></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td colspan="4" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Unity Runtime Fee thresholds to be met</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Revenue Threshold (USD)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$200,000 (last 12mo)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$1,000,000 (last 12mo)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$1,000,000 (last 12mo)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Install Threshold</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">200,000 (life to date)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,000 (life to date)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,000 (life to date)</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Installs over the Install Threshold</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Standard monthly rate</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1–100,000</td><td rowspan="4" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.20 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.15 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.125 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">100,001–500,000</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.075 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.06 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">500,001–1,000,000</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.03 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,001+</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.01 per install</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Installs over the Install Threshold</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Emerging market monthly rate</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1+</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.01 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.005 per install</td></tr></table>
These fees were to be applied retroactively to any product using the unity runtime, including those released prior to this change.<ref name=":1">Needs citation
</ref>

This announcement also removed the popular unity plus plan, forcing developers to the more expensive Unity Pro plan if they wanted to remove the baked in unity splash screen.<ref name=":0" />

To ensure adoption of this change Unity quietly changed their EULA to allow for such a change and never notified their users, going as far to private their EULA Github repository which was created as a result of a prior incident where Unity Technologies changed quietly their EULA quietly.<ref name=":1" />

==Consumer impact==
''What the repercussions of the incident are for consumers in the context of "new" consumer protection (privacy,right to ownership,right to say no).''

==Consumer response==
''Summary and key issues of prevailing sentiment from the consumers that can be documented via articles, emails to support, reviews and forum posts.''

==References==
{{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Unity game engine runtime fee}}
[[Category:Unity engine]]
[[Category:Software licensing]]

Unity Engine runtime fee

2025-06-16T22:10:59Z

Fireye: Add more robust outline of initial runtime fee annoucement

{{StubNotice}}

''Unity Software Inc. (aka: Unity Technologies), a publicly traded software company known for their Unity game engine, implemented sweeping changes to its pricing model for Unity that would affect all users of the engine, forcing users to either adopt their per-download fee or de-list their games.''

==Background==
Unity is a well known game engine used by studios of all sizes, and very widely across the indie space due to its accessibility, capacity for both 2D and 3D development, and C# support. Prior to the runtime fee, Unity had multiple subscription tiers:

===Unity Personal===
Costs nothing and allows you to the Unity game engine to produce commercial works up until your revenue from the product created using the Unity game engine reaches 100,000$ at which point you're required to change license to one of the higher tiers.

===Unity Pro===
Costs [TBD]$ yearly per seat, and allows you to continue working on your projects past the 100,000$ revenue limit and gives additional features.

===Unity Enterprise===
[TBD]

==''Runtime fee''==
On September 12th, 2023, Unity announced a "Runtime Fee that’s based on game installs," which fundamentally altered their monetization model. This runtime fee aimed to charge developers a small amount every time an end user installed their application. To qualify for the fee, games must have passed a minimum revenue threshold within the past 12 months and a minimum lifetime install count threshold. The following table (taken directly from the original announcement) lays out specific thresholds and install costs that the new model would impose on engine users.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |first=Unity Technologies |date=2023-09-12 |title=Unity plan pricing and packaging updates |url=https://blog.unity.com/news/plan-pricing-and-packaging-updates |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912135629/https://blog.unity.com/news/plan-pricing-and-packaging-updates |archive-date=2023-10-14 |website=Unity Blog}}</ref><table class="table-responsive" style="width:100%;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000"><tr style="background-color:#2196f3;color:#ffffff"><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="15%"></th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="28%">Unity Personal and Unity Plus</th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="29%">Unity Pro</th><th style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000" width="28%">Unity Enterprise</th></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td colspan="4" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Unity Runtime Fee thresholds to be met</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Revenue Threshold (USD)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$200,000 (last 12mo)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$1,000,000 (last 12mo)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$1,000,000 (last 12mo)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">Install Threshold</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">200,000 (life to date)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,000 (life to date)</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,000 (life to date)</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Installs over the Install Threshold</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Standard monthly rate</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1–100,000</td><td rowspan="4" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.20 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.15 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.125 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">100,001–500,000</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.075 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.06 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">500,001–1,000,000</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.03 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1,000,001+</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.01 per install</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"></tr><tr style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Installs over the Install Threshold</td><td colspan="3" style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ffffff">Emerging market monthly rate</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">1+</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.02 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.01 per install</td><td style="padding:10px;border:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000">$0.005 per install</td></tr></table>
These fees were to be applied retroactively to any product using the unity runtime, including those released prior to this change.<ref name=":1">Needs citation

</ref>

This announcement also removed the popular unity plus plan, forcing developers to the more expensive Unity Pro plan if they wanted to remove the baked in unity splash screen.<ref name=":0" />

To ensure adoption of this change Unity quietly changed their EULA to allow for such a change and never notified their users, going as far to private their EULA Github repository which was created as a result of a prior incident where Unity Technologies changed quietly their EULA quietly.<ref name=":1" />

==Consumer impact==
''What the repercussions of the incident are for consumers in the context of "new" consumer protection (privacy,right to ownership,right to say no).''

==Consumer response==
''Summary and key issues of prevailing sentiment from the consumers that can be documented via articles, emails to support, reviews and forum posts.''

==References==
{{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Unity game engine runtime fee}}
[[Category:Unity engine]]
[[Category:Software licensing]]

Unity Engine runtime fee

2025-05-07T05:11:32Z

Fireye: Add further background for the engine and the company