Consumer Rights Wiki - User contributions [en]

Ring

2026-03-17T12:19:55Z

YoshiRulz: Remove extraneous empty template argument

{{CompanyCargo
|Founded=2013
|Industry=Security
|Logo=Ring.svg
|ParentCompany=
|Type=Subsidiary
|Website=https://ring.com/
|Description=IoT camera manufacturer acquired by Amazon in 2018. This company was sued by the FTC in 2023 and collaborate with private companies and local law enforcement. In 2025, the flock partnership and "search party" feature for dogs caused push-back from consumers the following year.
}}

'''[[wikipedia:Ring_(company)|Ring]]''' is a manufacturer of home security and smart home devices owned by [[Amazon]], who acquired Ring in 2018.<ref>https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/12/amazon-officially-owns-ring-so-lets-talk-product-integration/ ([http://web.archive.org/web/20250825111219/https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/12/amazon-officially-owns-ring-so-lets-talk-product-integration/ Archived])</ref> Ring's products include their flagship Video Doorbell devices, as well as a number of cameras designed for mounting on the interior or exterior of properties.

The Ring line of devices have been involved in a number of controversies, largely related to the handling of user data. All data generated by a Ring device, including camera feeds, is processed on Amazon's servers. There have been a number of controversies relating to how this information is processed and with whom it is shared, with particular concern stemming from previously widespread internal access to Ring device data<ref name="FTC Report" />, as well as the sharing of data with various law enforcement agencies<ref name="BBC" />.
==Lawsuits==

===2023 FTC settlement===
In a complaint first announced in May 2023, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] says that Ring deceived its customers by failing to restrict employees’ and contractors’ access to its customers’ videos, using its customer videos to train algorithms without consent, and failing to implement security safeguards. These practices led to egregious violations of users’ privacy.<ref name="FTC Report">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-23 |title=FTC Sends Refunds to Ring Customers Stemming from 2023 Settlement over Charges the Company Failed to Block Employees and Hackers from Accessing Consumer Videos |url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/04/ftc-sends-refunds-ring-customers-stemming-2023-settlement-over-charges-company-failed-block |website=FTC |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206034223/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/04/ftc-sends-refunds-ring-customers-stemming-2023-settlement-over-charges-company-failed-block |archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref> The stated failure in security safeguard implementation is the result of a 2019 data breach where the log-in credentials for 3,672 Ring camera owners were compromised, exposing log-in emails, passwords, time zones, and the names people give to specific Ring cameras. Using the log-in email and password, an intruder could access a Ring customer’s home address, telephone number, and payment information, including the kind of card they have, and its last four digits and security code. An intruder could also access live camera footage from all active Ring cameras associated with an account, as well as a 30- to 60-day video history, depending on the user’s [[Cloud (service)|cloud]] storage plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/carolinehaskins1/data-leak-exposes-personal-data-over-3000-ring-camera-users|title=A Data Leak Exposed The Personal Information Of Over 3,000 Ring Users|first=Caroline|last=Haskins|date=2019-12-19|work=Buzzfeed |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260217101243/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/carolinehaskins1/data-leak-exposes-personal-data-over-3000-ring-camera-users |archive-date=17 Feb 2026}}</ref>

[[Ring]] settled the complaint for a sum of around $5.6 million to the 117,044 individuals who filed with the complaint, meaning the individual reimbursement was only around $60 per claim<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2024/04/ring-agrees-to-pay-5-6-million-after-cameras-were-used-to-spy-on-customers|title=Ring agrees to pay $5.6 million after cameras were used to spy on customers|date=2024-04-25|work=Malwarebytes Labs|first=Pieter|last=Arntz|access-date=2026-02-18 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206033837/https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2024/04/ring-agrees-to-pay-5-6-million-after-cameras-were-used-to-spy-on-customers |archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref>; despite some users having lost privacy to highly sensitive videos as many users installed the cameras in sensitive spaces such as bedrooms for both adults and children.

==Vulnerabilities==
''The following section was sourced from [[Wikipedia:Ring_(company)#Vulnerabilities|Wikipedia]]:''

<blockquote>In January 2019, it was uncovered that employees at Ring's two offices had access to the video recordings from all Ring devices.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wiggers|first=Kyle|date=January 10, 2019|title=Ring employees reportedly had access to all live and recorded customer videos|work=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/10/ring-employees-reportedly-had-access-to-all-live-and-recorded-customer-videos/|access-date=January 12, 2019 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220706094119/https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/10/ring-employees-reportedly-had-access-to-all-live-and-recorded-customer-videos/ |archive-date=6 Jul 2022}}</ref> In addition, ''The Intercept'' reported that the video data was stored unencrypted.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Biddle|first=Sam|date=January 10, 2018|title=For Owners of Amazon's Ring Security Cameras, Strangers May Have Been Watching Too|work=The Intercept|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/01/10/amazon-ring-security-camera/|access-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220162231/https://theintercept.com/2019/01/10/amazon-ring-security-camera/ |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref> In a December 2019 test, ''Motherboard'' found that Ring's software did not implement security features such as recognizing unknown IP addresses or providing a display of active login sessions, allowing the publication to access a Ring account from IP addresses based in multiple countries without warning the user.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Joseph|last1=Cox|access-date=February 20, 2020|title=We Tested Ring's Security. It's Awful|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/epg4xm/amazon-ring-camera-security|date=December 17, 2019|website=Vice |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20200928122245/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/epg4xm/amazon-ring-camera-security |archive-date=28 Sep 2020}}</ref>

The Neighbors network leaks metadata about the footage posted in videos and "crime alerts". This metadata, combined with public city map data, is frequently sufficient to discover the exact location of the Ring doorbell or a camera. In one experiment, ''Gizmodo'' located 20,000 devices based on information collected (scraped from the app) over a period of month. University researchers were able to locate 440,000 devices using data spanning back to 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ring's Hidden Data Let Us Map Amazon's Sprawling Home Surveillance Network|url=https://gizmodo.com/ring-s-hidden-data-let-us-map-amazons-sprawling-home-su-1840312279|access-date=November 27, 2020|website=Gizmodo|date=December 9, 2019|language=en-us |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220163124/https://gizmodo.com/ring-s-hidden-data-let-us-map-amazons-sprawling-home-su-1840312279 |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref>

Cybersecurity firm Bitdefender identified a vulnerability in the Ring Video Doorbell Pro product in July 2019, which was patched before being publicly disclosed in November 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Palmer|first1=Danny|date=November 7, 2019|title=Amazon fixes Ring Video Doorbell wi-fi security vulnerability|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/amazon-fixes-ring-video-doorbell-wi-fi-security-vulnerability/|access-date=December 13, 2019|website=ZDNet |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251009165958/https://www.zdnet.com/article/amazon-fixes-ring-video-doorbell-wi-fi-security-vulnerability/ |archive-date=9 Oct 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ng|first1=Alfred|date=November 7, 2019|title=Ring doorbells had vulnerability leaking Wi-Fi login info, researchers find|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/ring-doorbells-had-vulnerability-leaking-wi-fi-login-info-researchers-found/|access-date=December 13, 2019|website=CNET |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210219004814/https://www.cnet.com/news/ring-doorbells-had-vulnerability-leaking-wi-fi-login-info-researchers-found/ |archive-date=19 Feb 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=November 7, 2019|title=Ring Video Doorbell Pro Under the Scope|url=https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/294/Bitdefender-WhitePaper-RDoor-CREA3949-en-EN-GenericUse.pdf|access-date=December 13, 2019|website=Bitdefender |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251222234028/https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/294/Bitdefender-WhitePaper-RDoor-CREA3949-en-EN-GenericUse.pdf |archive-date=22 Dec 2025}}</ref> Hackers accessed a number of Ring cameras in December 2019 and used the device speakers to broadcast racial slurs, threats, and other inflammatory language to multiple households across the United States.<ref name="Vice podcast">{{cite web|last1=Cox|first1=Joseph|last2=Koebler|first2=Jason|date=December 12, 2019|title=Inside the Podcast that Hacks Ring Camera Owners Live on Air|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/z3bbq4/podcast-livestreams-hacked-ring-cameras-nulledcast|access-date=December 12, 2019|website=Vice |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20200913125207/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/z3bbq4/podcast-livestreams-hacked-ring-cameras-nulledcast |archive-date=13 Sep 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Murdock|first1=Jason|date=December 10, 2019|title=Ring camera hacker uses home security system to spew racial slurs at Florida family|url=https://www.newsweek.com/florida-cape-coral-amazon-ring-home-security-system-hacked-racial-slurs-1476430|access-date=December 12, 2019|website=Newsweek |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251115121626/https://www.newsweek.com/florida-cape-coral-amazon-ring-home-security-system-hacked-racial-slurs-1476430 |archive-date=15 Nov 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Howerton|first=Matt|date=December 11, 2019|title=Hacker says, 'pay bitcoin ransom or get terminated,' through couple's Ring security cameras|url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/hacker-says-pay-bitcoin-ransom-or-get-terminated-through-couples-ring-security-cameras/287-226c535c-c765-4b29-91b6-d849fb315e94|access-date=December 12, 2019|website=WFAA |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20231005180103/https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/hacker-says-pay-bitcoin-ransom-or-get-terminated-through-couples-ring-security-cameras/287-226c535c-c765-4b29-91b6-d849fb315e94 |archive-date=5 Oct 2023}}</ref> A ''Motherboard'' investigation discovered crime forums that distributed software exploits of Ring devices that were used in the cyberattacks, and that members of the hacking forum Nulled had been recording their breaches as "podcasts".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cox|first1=Joseph|last2=Cole|first2=Samantha|date=December 11, 2019|title=How Hackers Are Breaking Into Ring Cameras|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/3a88k5/how-hackers-are-breaking-into-ring-cameras|access-date=December 12, 2019|website=Vice |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20200920060332/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/3a88k5/how-hackers-are-breaking-into-ring-cameras |archive-date=20 Sep 2020}}</ref> Ring responded to the incidents by advising its users to have strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication, and adopt other security measures.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Holley|first1=Jessica|title=Family says hackers accessed a Ring camera in their 8-year-old daughter's room|url=https://www.wmcactionnews5.com/2019/12/11/family-says-hackers-accessed-ring-camera-their-year-old-daughters-room/|access-date=December 12, 2019|website=WMC Action News 5|date=December 12, 2019 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210724192131/https://www.wmcactionnews5.com/2019/12/11/family-says-hackers-accessed-ring-camera-their-year-old-daughters-room/ |archive-date=24 Jul 2021}}</ref> Ring mandated two-factor authentication for all users on February 18, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 19, 2020|title=Ring makes two-step verification mandatory|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51555450|access-date=February 20, 2020|website=BBC News |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220162452/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51555450 |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Song|first=Victoria|date=February 18, 2020|title=Ring Finally Rolls Out Mandatory Two-Factor Authentication After Privacy Scandals|url=https://gizmodo.com/ring-finally-rolls-out-mandatory-two-factor-authenticat-1841760958|access-date=February 20, 2020|website=Gizmodo |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220163648/https://gizmodo.com/ring-finally-rolls-out-mandatory-two-factor-authenticat-1841760958 |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref></blockquote>

==Controversies==

===Subscription required for local storage===
[[Ring]] security cameras are a premium line of security cameras.<ref>https://www.theverge.com/22704290/amazon-blink-ring-camera-doorbell-brands-smart-home-why ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260128131837/https://www.theverge.com/22704290/amazon-blink-ring-camera-doorbell-brands-smart-home-why Archived])</ref> There are different subscriptions possible, there is basic, standard and premium.<ref name=":0">https://ring.com/plans; [https://web.archive.org/web/20250124214629/https://ring.com/plans Archive link of 2025-01-24]</ref> Ring cameras are [[Cloud (service)|cloud-first]], and with these subscriptions comes different variants of [[Cloud (service)|cloud]] storage for the video footage that your cameras record. There is also an additional product that you can buy, and for local recordings there is even a must buy for the more premium products.<ref>https://ring.com/support/articles/t6xbc/Store-and-Process-Videos-Locally-with-Ring-Edge-and-Ring-Alarm-Pro ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260220163915/https://ring.com/support/articles/t6xbc/Store-and-Process-Videos-Locally-with-Ring-Edge-and-Ring-Alarm-Pro Archived])</ref> To record locally to a MicroSD card, you need the Ring Alarm Pro base station ($249.99)<ref>https://ring.com/products/alarm-pro-base-station; [https://web.archive.org/web/20250108152541/https://ring.com/products/alarm-pro-base-station Archive link of 2025-01-08]</ref> and what is called "Ring Edge for Alarm Pro" in your subscription. The only subscription that offers this feature is the most expensive subscription, which is the premium subscription, costing $19.99/mo or $199.99/yr.<ref name=":0" />

===Police partnerships===
''The following section was sourced from [[Wikipedia:Ring_(company)#Police_partnerships|Wikipedia]]:''

<blockquote>In June 2019, Ring faced criticism over a "Community Alert" program, under which the company has made geographically-targeted sponsored posts on social media services such as [[Meta|Facebook]], asking readers to provide tips on suspects in verified cases, based on imagery posted on the Neighbors service by a Ring customer. Ring stated that it sought permission from the user before using their content in this manner. However, these discoveries did lead to concerns over the use of such footage in material deemed to effectively be advertising, as well as concerns over other possible uses of the footage (such as for training facial recognition) due to the wide copyright license that users must grant to in order to use Neighbors (an irrevocable, unlimited, and royalty-free license to use shared content "for any purpose and in any media formats in any media channels without compensation to you"), and Ring's partnerships with local law enforcement agencies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reichert|first=Corinne|title=Ring puts suspected thief in Facebook sponsored ads|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/ring-puts-suspected-thief-in-facebook-sponsored-ads/|access-date=June 18, 2019|website=CNET|language=en |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201127201634/https://www.cnet.com/news/ring-puts-suspected-thief-in-facebook-sponsored-ads/ |archive-date=27 Nov 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Alba|first1=Davey|last2=Mac|first2=Ryan|date=June 7, 2019|title=Amazon's Doorbell Camera Company Is Using Security Video For Ads. That May Only Be The Beginning.|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/daveyalba/amazon-ring-doorbell-company-using-security-footage-for-ads|access-date=June 12, 2019|website=BuzzFeed News|language=en |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251116071705/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/daveyalba/amazon-ring-doorbell-company-using-security-footage-for-ads |archive-date=16 Nov 2025}}</ref>

Digital rights advocacy group Fight for the Future criticized Ring for using its cameras and Neighbors app to build a private surveillance network via partnerships with local law enforcement agencies, which encourage them to promote the products. The group stated that these partnerships "undermine our democratic process and basic civil liberties".<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-49191005|title=Amazon's Ring doorbell police tie-up criticised|work=BBC News|date=August 1, 2019|access-date=August 3, 2019|language=en-GB |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220164103/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-49191005 |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/this-map-tells-you-where-police-have-partnered-with-amazons-ring/|title=This map tells you where police have partnered with Amazon's Ring|last=Ng|first=Alfred|website=CNET|language=en|access-date=August 3, 2019 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201108021709/https://www.cnet.com/news/this-map-tells-you-where-police-have-partnered-with-amazons-ring/ |archive-date=8 Nov 2020}}</ref> According to the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Ring used these partnerships and its marketing strategies to foster fear, which leads to a "vicious cycle" that spurs hardware sales. The organization said that Ring, as well as Neighbors and similar "neighborhood watch" apps such as Citizen and Nextdoor, "facilitate reporting of so-called 'suspicious' behavior that really amounts to racial profiling."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/08/amazons-ring-perfect-storm-privacy-threats|title=Amazon's Ring Is a Perfect Storm of Privacy Threats|last=Guariglia|first=Matthew|date=August 8, 2019|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|language=en|access-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260104152148/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/08/amazons-ring-perfect-storm-privacy-threats |archive-date=4 Jan 2026}}</ref> Matt Cagle of the American Civil Liberties Union said that the Ring Neighbors Portal "blurs the line between corporate and government surveillance" and that "Many people are not going to feel like they have a choice when law enforcement asks for access to their footage".<ref name="Intercept">{{cite web|last=Biddle|first=Sam|date=February 14, 2019|title=Amazon's Home Surveillance Chief Declared War on "Dirtbag Criminals" as Company Got Closer to Police|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/02/14/amazon-ring-police-surveillance/|access-date=January 17, 2020|website=The Intercept |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220164207/https://theintercept.com/2019/02/14/amazon-ring-police-surveillance/ |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref>

In July 2019, Vice publication ''Motherboard'' obtained records revealing the extent of Ring's partnership with the Lakeland (Florida) Police Department (LPD). The department was granted access to a "Law Enforcement Neighborhood Portal" for making posts on Neighbors and the ability to "request videos directly from Ring users," and received a donation of 15 Ring cameras. However, the memorandum of understanding stated that the LPD would be required to participate in "outreach efforts on the platform to encourage adoption of the platform/app" (receiving $10 credits for Ring camera purchases for each new user). Ring also recommended that the LPD establish specific new positions for the partnership, including a "social media coordinator".<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Haskins|first1=Caroline|last2=Koebler|first2=Jason|date=July 25, 2019|title=Amazon Requires Police to Shill Surveillance Cameras in Secret Agreement|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/mb88za/amazon-requires-police-to-shill-surveillance-cameras-in-secret-agreement|access-date=August 2, 2019|website=Vice|language=en-US |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20200923141543/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/mb88za/amazon-requires-police-to-shill-surveillance-cameras-in-secret-agreement |archive-date=23 Sep 2020}}</ref> Later in the month, ''Motherboard'' obtained public records containing an officer's notes from an April 2019 training webinar, which stated that Ring had partnered with at least 200 law enforcement partners.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Haskins|first1=Caroline|last2=Maiberg|first2=Emanuel|last3=Mead|first3=Derek|last4=Koebler|first4=Jason|date=July 29, 2019|title=Amazon Told Police It Has Partnered With 200 Law Enforcement Agencies|url=https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/j5wyjy/amazon-told-police-it-has-partnered-with-200-law-enforcement-agencies|access-date=August 2, 2019|website=Vice|language=en-US |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20200903114936/https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/j5wyjy/amazon-told-police-it-has-partnered-with-200-law-enforcement-agencies |archive-date=3 Sep 2020}}</ref> In early August 2019, ''Motherboard'' also reported that Ring would match payments by cities to cover the subsidized purchase of Ring cameras, so that they could be resold to residents at a discount.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Haskins|first1=Caroline|last2=Koebler|first2=Jason|last3=Mead|first3=Derek|date=August 2, 2019|title=US Cities Are Helping People Buy Amazon Surveillance Cameras With Taxpayer Money|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/d3ag37/us-cities-are-helping-people-buy-amazon-surveillance-cameras-using-taxpayer-money|access-date=August 2, 2019|website=Vice|language=en-US |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20200921052023/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/d3ag37/us-cities-are-helping-people-buy-amazon-surveillance-cameras-using-taxpayer-money |archive-date=21 Sep 2020}}</ref>

In November 2020, a pilot program in Jackson, Mississippi, enabled participating Ring users to enable police to livestream their cameras at any time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Holmes|first=Aaron|title=Police are tapping into residents' Ring doorbells and home security cameras to stream 24/7 live video|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ring-doorbells-live-video-security-camera-police-fusus-2020-11|access-date=November 11, 2020|website=Business Insider |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251128223106/https://www.businessinsider.com/ring-doorbells-live-video-security-camera-police-fusus-2020-11 |archive-date=28 Nov 2025}}</ref></blockquote>
----

====Police gains access to user Michael Larkin's cameras via a search warrant placed on Ring====
In '''November 24th''', small business owner Michael Larkin had received a phone call from the police, requesting access to his '''Ring''' doorbell camera In order to gather more evidence for a drug-related Investigation. ''Michael'' had complied and sent clips of a car that drove by his camera 12 times from 5pm to 7pm , only for the police to request even more footage later that day, asking for footage around a whole day's worth.

On '''December 1st, 2022''', 1 week after the initial request for more footage, ''Larkin'' had received a letter by '''Ring''', which was placed on him when the company had received a search warrant by the local authorities & after the letter was signed by a local judge. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ng |first=Alfred |date=7 Mar 2023 |title=The privacy loophole in your doorbell |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/07/privacy-loophole-ring-doorbell-00084979 |website=politico.com |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250903192857/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/07/privacy-loophole-ring-doorbell-00084979 |archive-date=3 Sep 2025}}</ref>

The letter reads as follows:

<blockquote>'''FOR PROBABLE CAUSE SHOWN AND SUPPORTED BY THE AFFIDAVIT IN THE ATTACHED PAGE, SUCH AFFIDAVIT IS INCORPORATED HEREIN AND MADE PART OF THIS WARRANT BY REFERENCE THERETO, YOU ARE HEREBY ''COMMANDED'' IN THE NAME OF THE COMMON PLEAS COURT, BUTLER COUNTY, OHIO TO''' '''ENTER''' '''AND SEARCH WITHIN THREE DAYS THE PREMISES AND/OR PERSONS DESCRIBED HERE''':

'''RING LLC. for:''' [REDACTED]

The following records / digital recordings and images / electronically stored data within RING LLC cloud based data storage system between the dates of '''10/25/22 at 00:00hrs (Eastern Standard Time) through 10/25/22 at 23:59hrs (Eastern Standard Time)''' in relation to RING LLC home security cameras located at [REDACTED]. RING LLC home security cameras are associated with the following email / account and are individually listed below with their associated MAC addresses as follows:

'''''[Information on Michael Larkin]'''''

'''FOR THE ARTICLES, BODIES, AND/OR SUBSTANCES ALLEGED TO BE PRESENT IN SAID AFFIDAVIT, AND BRING A WRITTEN INVENTORY OF SAID ARTICLES, BODIES, AND/OR SUBSTANCES, TOGETHER WITH ANY PERSON NAMED THEREIN TO BE SEIZED, BEFORE THE JUDGE OF THE COMMON PLEAS COURT, BUTLER COUNTY, OHIO AND TO MAKE RETURN OF THIS WARRANT ACCORDING TO LAW TO SAID JUDGE.'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1 Dec 2022 |title=Ring Search Warrant {{!}} State of Ohio Butler County, Common Pleas Court |url=https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/23693646-1671460929158_ring-sw-2104-1_redacted-scrubbed_redacted-scrubbed_redacted-scrubbed-highlighted1/?embed=1&responsive=1&title=1&mode=document |website=Document Cloud}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20260224121210/https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/23693646-1671460929158_ring-sw-2104-1_redacted-scrubbed_redacted-scrubbed_redacted-scrubbed-highlighted1/?embed=1&responsive=1&title=1&mode=document Archived])</ref></blockquote>The notice had stated that ''Larkin'' had within 3 days to send a whole day's worth of footage('''25 Oct 2022 - 26 Oct 2022''') from more than 20 of his ring cameras, even if ''Michael'' did not wish to comply.<ref name=":1" />

===Alleged use of facial recognition technology===
''The following section was sourced from [[Wikipedia:Ring_(company)#Alleged_use_of_facial_recognition_technology|Wikipedia]]:''

<blockquote>In February 2018, Business Insider reported references to use of facial recognition technology in Ring's privacy policy. The policy stated:<blockquote>Where permitted by applicable law, you may choose to use additional functionality in your Ring product that, through video data from your device, '''can recognize facial characteristics of familiar visitors'''. For example, you may want to receive different notifications from your Ring Doorbell depending on whether a visitor is a stranger or a member of your household. '''If you choose to activate this feature, we obtain certain facial feature information about the visitors you ask your Ring product to recognize'''. We require your explicit consent before you can take advantage of this feature.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Shona|title=Amazon's newest acquisition, the doorbell startup Ring, made a smart move to fend off Google|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-smart-doorbell-ring-facial-recognition-2018-2|access-date=2023-07-20|website=Business Insider|language=en-US |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220162805/https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-smart-doorbell-ring-facial-recognition-2018-2 |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-25|title=Privacy {{!}} Ring|url=https://shop.ring.com/pages/privacy|access-date=2023-07-20|archive-date=July 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725110729/https://shop.ring.com/pages/privacy}}</ref></blockquote>In December 2018, patents filed by Ring surfaced to identify "suspicious" people and automatically alert police.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon's Ring takes heat for considering facial recognition for its video doorbells|url=https://www.cnet.com/home/smart-home/amazons-ring-takes-heat-for-considering-facial-recognition-for-its-video-doorbells/|access-date=2023-07-20|website=CNET|language=en |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206023324/https://www.cnet.com/home/smart-home/amazons-ring-takes-heat-for-considering-facial-recognition-for-its-video-doorbells/ |archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref>

In August 2019, a Buzzfeed News reported, "Ring Says It Doesn't Use Facial Recognition, But It Has "A Head Of Face Recognition Research."" The piece reported on a 2018 presentation from Ring Ukraine's "Head of Face Recognition Research", as well as a statement from Ring Ukraine's website stating, "We develop semi-automated crime prevention and monitoring systems which are based on, but not limited to, face recognition."<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Nicole|last1=Nguyen|first2=Ryan|last2=Mac|date=2019-08-30|title=Ring Says It Doesn't Use Facial Recognition, But It Has "A Head Of Face Recognition Research"|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nicolenguyen/amazon-ring-facial-recognition-ukraine|access-date=2023-07-20|website=BuzzFeed News|language=en |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206023425/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nicolenguyen/amazon-ring-facial-recognition-ukraine |archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-23|title=Ring Ukraine|url=https://ring-ukraine.com/|access-date=2023-07-20|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523100219/https://ring-ukraine.com/}}</ref>

Also in 2019, as part of his investigation into Ring's cooperation with law enforcement, Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts probed the company's privacy policy's reference to use of facial recognition technology.<ref>{{Cite web|title=September 2019 Inquiry Letter from Sen. Markey to Ring|url=https://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Markey%20letter%20-%20Ring%20Law%20Enforcement%209.5.19.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251117092911/https://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Markey%20letter%20-%20Ring%20Law%20Enforcement%209.5.19.pdf |archive-date=17 Nov 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Senator Markey Investigation into Amazon Ring Doorbell Reveals Egregiously Lax Privacy Policies and Civil Rights Protections {{!}} U.S. Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts|url=https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-markey-investigation-into-amazon-ring-doorbell-reveals-egregiously-lax-privacy-policies-and-civil-rights-protections|access-date=2023-07-20|website=www.markey.senate.gov|language=en}} ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260220163025/https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-markey-investigation-into-amazon-ring-doorbell-reveals-egregiously-lax-privacy-policies-and-civil-rights-protections Archived])</ref> Amazon responded:<blockquote>We do not currently offer facial recognition technology in Ring products. This sentence in the Privacy Notice refers to a contemplated, but unreleased feature. We do frequently innovate based on customer demand, and facial recognition features are increasingly common in consumer security cameras today, such as: Google Nest Hello, Tend Secure Lynx, Netamo Welcome, Wisenet Smartcam, and Honeywell Smart Home Security. If our customers want these features in Ring security cameras, we will only release these feature with thoughtful design including privacy, security, and user control; and we will clearly communicate with our customers as we offer new features.<ref>{{Cite web|title=November 2019 Response from Amazon to Sen. Markey|url=https://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Response%20Letter_Ring_Senator%20Markey%2011.01.2019.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251005210212/https://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Response%20Letter_Ring_Senator%20Markey%2011.01.2019.pdf |archive-date=5 Oct 2025}}</ref></blockquote>In November 2019, the Intercept reported on internal documents detailing "Proactive Suspect Matching". The feature would use facial recognition to group videos and create a profile of an alleged criminal based on Ring camera footage.<ref name="Intercept" /> Ring denied that the feature was in use or development.

In 2020, Ring posted a one-sentence position stance on their blog stating, "Ring does not use facial recognition technology in any of its devices or services, and will neither sell nor offer facial recognition technology to law enforcement."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ring|date=2020-08-20|title=Ring's Stance on Facial Recognition Technology|url=https://blog.ring.com/about-ring/rings-stance-on-facial-recognition-technology/|access-date=2023-07-20|website=The Ring Blog|language=en |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220164227/https://blog.ring.com/about-ring/rings-stance-on-facial-recognition-technology/ |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref> In 2021, Senator Markey and his colleagues introduced the "Facial Recognition and Biometric Technology Moratorium Act."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senators Markey, Merkley Lead Colleagues on Legislation to Ban Government Use of Facial Recognition, Other Biometric Technology {{!}} U.S. Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts|url=https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senators-markey-merkley-lead-colleagues-on-legislation-to-ban-government-use-of-facial-recognition-other-biometric-technology|access-date=2023-07-20|website=www.markey.senate.gov|language=en}} ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260220162931/https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senators-markey-merkley-lead-colleagues-on-legislation-to-ban-government-use-of-facial-recognition-other-biometric-technology Archived])</ref> A year later, Markey renewed his investigation into Ring,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senator Markey Renews Investigation into Amazon Ring's Surveillance Practices and Cooperation with Police {{!}} U.S. Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts|url=https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-markey-renews-investigation-into-amazon-rings-surveillance-practices-and-cooperation-with-police|access-date=2023-07-20|website=www.markey.senate.gov|language=en}} ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260211023300/https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-markey-renews-investigation-into-amazon-rings-surveillance-practices-and-cooperation-with-police Archived])</ref> and in July 2022, Markey cited Ring's "[refusal] to commit to not incorporating facial recognition technology in its products" as evidence of the need for legislation to "prohibit use of biometric technology by federal agencies and condition federal grant funding to state and local entities on moratoria on the use of biometric technology."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senator Markey's Probe into Amazon Ring Reveals New Privacy Problems {{!}} U.S. Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts|url=https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-markeys-probe-into-amazon-ring-reveals-new-privacy-problems|access-date=2023-07-20|website=www.markey.senate.gov|language=en}} ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251016125412/https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-markeys-probe-into-amazon-ring-reveals-new-privacy-problems Archived])</ref>

[[Amazon]] has attempted to distance themselves from Ring Ukraine, the branch responsible for developing computer vision and facial recognition solutions. In a statement for release, the general manager of the Kyiv-based office commented, "We are no longer part of a small startup, but a full-fledged R&D center working for one of the world's largest corporations. [We are involved not only in Ring's product line but also in many other Amazon projects. That is,] We are a large Ukrainian team of specialists working on the world market." At legal's request, the general manager was asked to remove the reference to [[Amazon]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Biddle|first=Sam|date=2020-01-24|title=Ring Ukraine News Suppressed at Amazon's Request, Journalists Say|url=https://theintercept.com/2020/01/24/amazon-ring-ukraine/|access-date=2023-07-20|website=The Intercept|language=en-US |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251116003522/https://theintercept.com/2020/01/24/amazon-ring-ukraine/ |archive-date=16 Nov 2025}}</ref> "Ring Ukraine" was eventually rebranded as "Squad".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ring Ukraine office need you to forget they are part of Amazon|url=https://ain.capital/2021/01/29/ring-ukraine-changes-its-name-to-squad/|access-date=2023-07-20|website=AIN.Capital|language=en-US |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240719174131/https://ain.capital/2021/01/29/ring-ukraine-changes-its-name-to-squad/ |archive-date=19 Jul 2024}}</ref></blockquote>
----

===Alleged user tracking===
''The following section was sourced from [[Wikipedia:Ring_(company)#Allegations_of_user_tracking|Wikipedia]]:''

<blockquote>On January 27, 2020, the Electronic Frontier Foundation concluded that the Ring doorbell app for [[Android]] was sending identifiable personal information– including names, IP addresses, mobile network carriers, persistent IDs, and sensor data–to AppsFlyer, branch.io, [[Meta|Facebook]], and Mixpanel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/01/ring-doorbell-app-packed-third-party-trackers|title=Ring Doorbell App Packed with Third-Party Trackers|last=Budington|first=Bill|date=January 27, 2020|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|language=en|access-date=January 27, 2020 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260120204644/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/01/ring-doorbell-app-packed-third-party-trackers |archive-date=20 Jan 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90464883/amazons-ring-will-let-users-opt-out-of-sharing-data-with-other-companies|title=Amazon's Ring will let users opt out of sharing data with other companies|last=Newman|first=Jared|date=February 14, 2020|website=Fast Company|access-date=March 23, 2020 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250405183101/https://www.fastcompany.com/90464883/amazons-ring-will-let-users-opt-out-of-sharing-data-with-other-companies |archive-date=5 Apr 2025}}</ref></blockquote>
----

===Flock Safety ''(2025-2026)''===
{{Main|Proposed Ring-Flock partnership (2025-2026)}}
Flock and Ring have had a partnership since October 2025, with Flock stating in a blog post how the integration into Ring "makes it easier for neighbors to support one another while keeping control of their own information" and "helps officers save valuable time that would otherwise be spent knocking on doors".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flocksafety.com/blog/flock-safety-and-ring-partner-to-help-neighborhoods-work-together-for-safer-communities|title=Flock Safety and Ring Partner to Help Neighborhoods Work Together for Safer Communities|date=2025-10-31|website=Flock Safety |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260220163143/https://www.flocksafety.com/blog/flock-safety-and-ring-partner-to-help-neighborhoods-work-together-for-safer-communities |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref> Before this announcement, there have been many examples of the state and federal departments (namely DHS) in the United States utilizing the Flock Safety network questionably, despite Amazon stating Ring "does not give ICE videos, feeds, or back-end access".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/866003/ring-ice-camera-access-flock|title=Ring says it’s not giving ICE access to its cameras|first=Jennifer|last=Touhy|work=The Verge|date=2026-01-22 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260123175555/https://www.theverge.com/news/866003/ring-ice-camera-access-flock |archive-date=23 Jan 2026}}</ref> Laws such as the Third-Party Doctrine imply that information a user voluntarily shares with a third party is not protected by the Fourth Amendment, such as footage uploaded to Amazon's cloud.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-130/if-these-walls-could-talk-the-smart-home-and-the-fourth-amendment-limits-of-the-third-party-doctrine/|title=If These Walls Could Talk: The Smart Home and the Fourth Amendment Limits of the Third Party Doctrine|date=2017-05-09|work=Harvard Law Review|quote=In doing so, it held that there could not have been a reasonable expectation of privacy here due to the voluntary sharing of the information with a third party and the fact that Smith could not have had a reasonable expectation of privacy in something as nominally informative as the numbers he dialed |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260214135324/https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-130/if-these-walls-could-talk-the-smart-home-and-the-fourth-amendment-limits-of-the-third-party-doctrine/ |archive-date=14 Feb 2026}}</ref>

On February 12, Ring terminated its contract with [[Flock Safety]] over the integration requiring "significantly more time and resources than anticipated".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.ring.com/about-ring/ring-and-flock-cancel-partnership/|title=Ring and Flock Cancel Partnership|date=2026-02-12|author=Ring|work=Ring Blog |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260218143503/https://blog.ring.com/about-ring/ring-and-flock-cancel-partnership/ |archive-date=18 Feb 2026}}</ref> On Flock's part, they state "the integration never launched, so no Ring customer videos were ever sent to Flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flocksafety.com/blog/an-update-on-ring-partnership|title=Flock and Ring Cancel Announced Community Requests Integration|date=2026-02-12|work=Flock Safety|access-date=2026-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260220163236/https://www.flocksafety.com/blog/an-update-on-ring-partnership |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref>

===Search Party ''(2026)''===
On February 8, 2026, Ring would air a commercial for their "search party" feature for the Super Bowl. In the ad, the founder Jamie Siminoff states the feature has helped "more than a dog a day has been reunited with their family" out of 10 million a year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.404media.co/with-ring-american-consumers-built-a-surveillance-dragnet/|title=With Ring, American Consumers Built a Surveillance Dragnet|date=2026-02-10|work=404Media|first=Jason|last=Koebler |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220165139/https://www.404media.co/with-ring-american-consumers-built-a-surveillance-dragnet/ |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref> Many Ring owners voiced concerns regarding this new feature, with those stating its dystopian and invasive nature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/cybersecurity/comments/1qzrts8/ring_search_party/|title=Ring “Search Party” |work=Reddit|author=u/Check123ok|date=2026-02-08}}</ref> This feature is opt-in by default and can be used alongside a premium "familiar faces" feature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/02/no-one-including-our-furry-friends-will-be-safer-rings-surveillance-nightmare-0|title=No One, Including Our Furry Friends, Will Be Safer in Ring's Surveillance Nightmare|work=EFF|date=2026-02-10|first=Beryl|last=Lipton |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220165255/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/02/no-one-including-our-furry-friends-will-be-safer-rings-surveillance-nightmare-0 |archive-date=20 Feb 2026}}</ref> On February 18, 2026, emails were leaked showing Siminoff saying how Ring "could have potentially been used to help find Charlie Kirk’s killer" in regards to the community requests feature, in addition to a spokesperson saying "the decision [of sharing] remains firmly in the customer’s hands, not ours".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.404media.co/leaked-email-suggests-ring-plans-to-expand-search-party-surveillance-beyond-dogs/|title=Leaked Email Suggests Ring Plans to Expand ‘Search Party’ Surveillance Beyond Dogs|first=Jason|last=Koebler|work=404Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218144321/https://www.404media.co/leaked-email-suggests-ring-plans-to-expand-search-party-surveillance-beyond-dogs/|archive-date=2026-02-18|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Products==

===Cameras===
*Stick Up Cam (1st generation; 2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/reviews/ring-stick-up-cam-review/|title=Ring Stick Up Cam review: Ring's solar-powered security camera fails to outshine rivals|work=CNET|date=2016-12-12|first=Megan|last=Wollerton |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251023022126/https://www.cnet.com/reviews/ring-stick-up-cam-review/ |archive-date=23 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*Stick Up Cam Battery (2nd generation; 2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/product/ring-stick-up-cam-battery/|title=Ring Stick Up Cam Battery review: An all around security camera, inside and out|first=Jason|last=Cipriani|date=2019-05-22|work=ZDNet |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240717013357/https://www.zdnet.com/product/ring-stick-up-cam-battery/ |archive-date=17 Jul 2024}}</ref>
*Stick Up Cam Wired (2nd generation; 2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/reviews/ring-stick-up-cam-wired-2018-preview/|title=Ring's redesigned Stick Up Cams want a spot inside your home|work=CNET|first=Meghan|last=Wollerton|date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240810061632/https://www.cnet.com/reviews/ring-stick-up-cam-wired-2018-preview/ |archive-date=10 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*Stick Up Cam Elite (2nd generation; 2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/reviews/ring-stick-up-cam-elite-preview/|title=Ring's Stick Up Cam Elite doesn't bother with batteries|work=CNET|date=2018-01-08|first=Megan|last=Wollerton |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240815080239/https://www.cnet.com/reviews/ring-stick-up-cam-elite-preview/ |archive-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*Ring Peephole Cam/Door View Cam (1st generation; 2019)<ref name="RingHistory">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/devices/a-brief-history-of-the-ring-video-doorbell-and-its-evolution-over-the-last-10-years|title=A brief history of the Ring Video Doorbell and its evolution over the last 10 years|work=AmazonNews|date=2023-05-02|first=Jay|last=Moye|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260204160120/https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/devices/a-brief-history-of-the-ring-video-doorbell-and-its-evolution-over-the-last-10-years |archive-date=4 Feb 2026}}</ref>
*Indoor Cam (1st generation; 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/ring-indoor-cam|title=Ring Indoor Cam (2019) Review|work=PCMag|date=2019-12-02|first=John|last=Delaney|archive-url=https://assets.ctfassets.net/2xsswpd01u70/4VsoGg22BdTKWBynhnsvg8/49e66f2cee0e00d10c9cf8ad31f3969a/UK_Indoor_Cam.pdf|archive-date=2019-09-25|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Outdoor Cam (Wired/Battery/Solar)/Stick Up Cam (3rd generation; 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forums.woot.com/t/ring-stick-up-cam-battery-or-plug-in-3rd-gen-2019-release/1678290|title=Ring Stick Up Cam (Battery or Plug In) 3rd Gen (2019 release)|work=Woot!|date=2024-09-01|author=wootbot|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260219191814/https://forums.woot.com/t/ring-stick-up-cam-battery-or-plug-in-3rd-gen-2019-release/1678290 |archive-date=19 Feb 2026}}</ref>
*Indoor Cam (2nd generation; 2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techradar.com/home/home-security/ring-indoor-cam-2nd-gen-review|title=Ring Indoor Cam (2nd gen) review: new privacy shield, but fairly unchanged|work=TechRadar|date=2023-07-07|first=Josephine|last=Watson |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251002092513/https://www.techradar.com/home/home-security/ring-indoor-cam-2nd-gen-review |archive-date=2 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*Ring Car Cam (1st generation; 2023)<ref name="RingHistory" />
*Ring Pan-Tilt Indoor Camera (1st generation; 2024)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/1/24145445/ring-pan-tilt-indoor-cam-colors-price-release-date|title=Ring’s first integrated pan and tilt camera comes in pink|work=The Verge|date=2024-05-01|first=Jennifer|last=Tuohy |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250818194943/https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/1/24145445/ring-pan-tilt-indoor-cam-colors-price-release-date |archive-date=18 Aug 2025}}</ref>
*Outdoor Cam Plus (1st generation; 2025)<ref name="CEPro">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cepro.com/news/ring-outdoor-cam-plus-powered-by-ring-vision/146895/|title=The New Ring Outdoor Cam Plus is Powered by Ring Vision|date=2025-02-20|first=Robert|last=Archer |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251009173909/https://www.cepro.com/news/ring-outdoor-cam-plus-powered-by-ring-vision/146895/ |archive-date=9 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*Outdoor Cam Plus PoE (1st generation; 2025)<ref name="CEPro" />
*Outdoor Cam Pro (1st generation; 2025)<ref name="PCMAG">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/ring-cameras-get-4k-upgrade-security-cam-network-to-find-lost-dogs|title=Ring Cameras Get 4K Upgrade, Security Cam Network to Find Lost Dogs|date=2025-09-30|work=PCMag|first=James|last=Peckham |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251127033015/https://www.pcmag.com/news/ring-cameras-get-4k-upgrade-security-cam-network-to-find-lost-dogs |archive-date=27 Nov 2025}}</ref>
*Outdoor Cam Pro PoE (1st generation; 2025)<ref name="PCMAG" />
*Indoor Cam Plus (2nd generation; 2025)<ref name="PCMAG" />

===Chimes===
*Chime (1st generation; 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chime (1st Gen) |url=https://ring.com/support/products/accessories/chime-gen-1?page=1&redirect=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219201828/https://ring.com/support/products/accessories/chime-gen-1?page=1&redirect=true |archive-date=19 Feb 2026 |access-date=19 Feb 2026 |website=Ring}}</ref>
*Chime (2nd generation; 2020)<ref name="The Verge">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/11/21174876/amazon-ring-new-video-doorbell-3-plus-chime-pro-pre-roll|title=Amazon’s Ring announces the Ring Video Doorbell 3 and Video Doorbell 3 Plus|work=The Verge|date=2020-03-11|first=Jay|last=Peters |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250216123914/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/11/21174876/amazon-ring-new-video-doorbell-3-plus-chime-pro-pre-roll |archive-date=16 Feb 2025}}</ref>
*Chime (3rd generation; 2025)
*Chime Pro (1st generation; 2020)<ref name="The Verge" />
*Chime Pro (2nd generation; 2025)

===Doorbells===
*Video Doorbell (1st generation; 2014)<ref name="RingHistory" />
*Video Doorbell Pro/Wired Doorbell Plus (1st generation; 2016)<ref name="RingHistory" />
*Video Doorbell 2 (2017)<ref name="RingHistory" />
*Video Doorbell Elite (1st generation; 2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electricalconnection.com.au/ring-launches-ring-video-doorbell-elite/|title=Ring launches Ring Video Doorbell Elite|first=Simeon|last=Barut|date=2017-10-27|work=Electrical Connection|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250916051012/https://electricalconnection.com.au/ring-launches-ring-video-doorbell-elite/ |archive-date=16 Sep 2025}}</ref>
*Video Doorbell 3 (2020)<ref name="RingHistory" /><ref name="The Verge" />
*Video Doorbell 3 Plus (2020)<ref name="The Verge" />
*Video Doorbell (2nd generation; 2020)<ref name="RingHistory" />
*Video Doorbell Wired (1st generation; 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08CKHPP52|title=Ring Video Doorbell Wired|access-date=2026-02-19|work=Amazon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211064437/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08CKHPP52|archive-date=2025-12-11|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Video Doorbell Pro 2/Wired Doorbell Pro (2nd generation; 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techradar.com/news/ring-video-doorbell-pro-2-is-confirmed-and-its-available-to-pre-order-now|title=Ring Video Doorbell Pro 2 is confirmed, and it’s available to pre-order now|work=TechRadar|date=2021-02-24|first=Carrie-Ann|last=Skinner|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251113211919/https://www.techradar.com/news/ring-video-doorbell-pro-2-is-confirmed-and-its-available-to-pre-order-now |archive-date=13 Nov 2025}}</ref><ref name="RingHistory" />
*Video Doorbell 4 (2024)<ref name="RingHistory" />
*Battery Doorbell Plus (1st generation; 2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en-uk.ring.com/blogs/alwayshome/ring-launches-battery-video-doorbell-plus-our-most-significant-battery-doorbell-update-yet|title=Ring Launches Battery Video Doorbell Plus, Our Most Significant Battery Doorbell Update Yet.|date=2023-03-08|work=Ring UK|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250913202559/https://en-uk.ring.com/blogs/alwayshome/ring-launches-battery-video-doorbell-plus-our-most-significant-battery-doorbell-update-yet |archive-date=13 Sep 2025}}</ref>
*Battery Doorbell (1st generation; 2024)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Ring-Battery-Doorbell-Head-to-Toe-Video-Satin-Nickel/dp/B0BZWRSRWV|title=Ring Battery Doorbell - Video Doorbell Camera|work=Amazon|access-date=2026-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218220602/https://www.amazon.com/Ring-Battery-Doorbell-Head-to-Toe-Video-Satin-Nickel/dp/B0BZWRSRWV|archive-date=2026-02-18|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Battery Doorbell Pro (1st generation; 2024)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techradar.com/home/home-security/ring-battery-video-doorbell-pro-review|title=Ring Battery Video Doorbell Pro review: Ring upgrades last year’s Battery Doorbell Plus|work=TechRadar|first=Les|last=Watson|date=2024-03-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260118202310/https://www.techradar.com/home/home-security/ring-battery-video-doorbell-pro-review |archive-date=18 Jan 2026}}</ref>

*Wired Doorbell Plus (2nd generation; 2025)
*Wired Doorbell Pro (3rd generation; 2025)
*Wired Doorbell Elite (2nd generation; 2025)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ring Wired Doorbell Elite - 4K Video Doorbell |url=https://www.amazon.com/Ring-Wired-Doorbell-Elite-Deep-Silver/dp/B0FT74NT34 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219181957/https://www.amazon.com/Ring-Wired-Doorbell-Elite-Deep-Silver/dp/B0FT74NT34 |archive-date=2026-02-19 |access-date= |work=Amazon}}</ref>

===Floodlights===
*Floodlight Cam (1st Generation; 2017)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Floodlight Cam (1st Gen) |url=https://ring.com/support/products/cameras/floodlight-cam-gen-1?page=1 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=19 Feb 2026 |website=Ring}}</ref>
*Floodlight Cam Plus (1st generation; 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Ring-Floodlight-Cam-Wired-Plus/dp/B08F6GPQQ7/|title=Ring Floodlight Cam Wired Plus (newest model), Outdoor home or business security with motion-activated 1080p HD video and floodlights, White |work=Amazon|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260219203704/https://www.amazon.com/Ring-Floodlight-Cam-Wired-Plus/dp/B08F6GPQQ7/ |archive-date=19 Feb 2026}}</ref>
*Floodlight Cam Wired Pro (1st generation; 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/home/security/ring-brings-radar-to-a-new-spotlight-camera/|title=Ring brings radar to a new floodlight camera |work=CNET|date=2021-04-07|first=David|last=Priest |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240808111612/https://www.cnet.com/home/security/ring-brings-radar-to-a-new-spotlight-camera/ |archive-date=8 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*Floodlight Cam Pro (2nd generation; 2025)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F67KWWQH|title=Ring Floodlight Cam Pro, Wired (newest model), Home or business security, Retinal 4K with wide-angle video, 10x Enhanced Zoom, and 2000 Lumen Floodlights, White|work=Amazon|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260219203134/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F67KWWQH |archive-date=19 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref name="PCMAG" />

===Others===
*Smart Lighting Bridge (1st generation; 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2806681/ring-has-discontinued-its-least-expensive-smart-lighting-hub.html|title=Ring has discontinued its least expensive smart lighting hub|date=2025-06-06|work=PCWorld|first=Ben|last=Patterson |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250607193633/https://www.pcworld.com/article/2806681/ring-has-discontinued-its-least-expensive-smart-lighting-hub.html |archive-date=7 Jun 2025}}</ref>
*Ring Bridge (2nd generation; TBA)

===Spotlights===
*Spotlight Cam Wired/Solar/Battery/Mount (1st generation; 2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/07/31/ring-spotlight-cam/|title=Ring Debuts New Spotlight Cam With Wired, Battery, and Solar Models for Home Security|date=2017-07-31|work=MacRumors|first=Eric|last=Slivka |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251204212237/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/07/31/ring-spotlight-cam/ |archive-date=4 Dec 2025}}</ref>
*Spotlight Cam Plus Wired/Solar/Battery/Plug-In (1st generation; 2022)<ref name="PCMAG2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/ring-spotlight-cam-gets-a-pro-upgrade-with-3d-motion-radar-birds-eye-view|title=Ring Spotlight Cam Gets a Pro Upgrade With 3D Motion Radar, Bird's Eye View|first=Chloe|last=Albanesius|date=2022-09-28|work=PCMag |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241205194631/https://www.pcmag.com/news/ring-spotlight-cam-gets-a-pro-upgrade-with-3d-motion-radar-birds-eye-view |archive-date=5 Dec 2024}}</ref>
*Spotlight Cam Pro Wired/Solar/Battery/Plug-In (1st generation; 2022)<ref name="PCMAG2" />
*Spotlight Cam Pro (2nd generation; 2025)<ref name="PCMAG" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.target.com/p/ring-spotlight-cam-pro-2nd-gen-plug-in-retinal-4k-for-ultra-clear-video-10x-enhanced-zoom-2-led-spotlights-to-illuminate-key-outdoor-areas-black/-/A-94965503|title=Ring Spotlight Cam Pro 2nd Gen Plug-In Retinal 4K for Ultra-Clear Video, 10x Enhanced Zoom, 2 LED Spotlights to Illuminate Key Outdoor Areas - Black|work=Target|date=2025-10-29|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260219203355/https://www.target.com/p/ring-spotlight-cam-pro-2nd-gen-plug-in-retinal-4k-for-ultra-clear-video-10x-enhanced-zoom-2-led-spotlights-to-illuminate-key-outdoor-areas-black/-/A-94965503 |archive-date=19 Feb 2026}}</ref>
===Security systems===


*Alarm Base Station (1st generation; 2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smarthomegeeks.co.uk/news/ring-alarm-release-date-in-usa/|title=Ring Alarm release date…in USA|date=2018-06-13|work=Smart Home Geeks UK|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251011171225/https://www.smarthomegeeks.co.uk/news/ring-alarm-release-date-in-usa/ |archive-date=11 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*Alarm Base Station (2nd generation; 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cgmagonline.com/review/hardware/ring-alarm-system-2nd-gen-review/|title=Ring Alarm System 2nd Gen Review|date=2020-11-27|first=Brendan|last=Frye|work=CGM Tech|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240806090256/https://www.cgmagonline.com/review/hardware/ring-alarm-system-2nd-gen-review/ |archive-date=6 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*Alarm Pro Base Station (1st generation; 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/28/22692073/ring-alarm-pro-amazon-event-release-date-specs-price-features|title=Amazon’s new Ring Alarm Pro combines a security system with an Eero router|work=The Verge|date=2021-09-28|first=Jennifer|last=Pattison|access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260212034559/https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/28/22692073/ring-alarm-pro-amazon-event-release-date-specs-price-features |archive-date=12 Feb 2026}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Arlo]]
*[[Axis]]
*[[Blink]]
*[[Eufy]]
*[[Samsung SmartCam]]
*[[Wyze]]

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Amazon]]

Retailers requiring police reports for missing items in orders

2026-03-17T11:57:01Z

YoshiRulz: /* Why it is a problem */ Remove mistaken duplicate template argument

{{StubNotice}}

Retailers requiring police reports for missing items in orders is a practice in which businesses ask customers to file a police report before they will process a refund or replacement for goods reported missing from a delivery.

==How it works==
When a customer reports that an item is missing from their order, the retailer initiates a claims process. Instead of immediately issuing a refund or replacement, the company requires the customer to take additional steps. The primary step is filing an official police report to document the missing item as a potential theft. The customer must then submit the police report number or a copy of the report to the retailer as proof.

Retailers often use these tactics to stall, prevent, or discourage the customer from getting their money back. They may also ask for other forms of verification, such as a government ID, to prevent fraud, though there is often no information on how that sensitive data is stored securely. These hurdles are designed to wear down the consumer, forcing them to either give up on the claim or resort to a chargeback from their bank, which can be a slow process that takes up to 90 days in some places.

==Why it is a problem==
This practice creates a significant imbalance in the customer experience. While retailers often streamline the purchasing process, sometimes allowing for one-click ordering, they impose a complex and burdensome process for resolving issues. The responsibility is shifted entirely onto the consumer, who has already paid for a product and must now prove they never received it, a task that can be difficult and time-consuming.

Furthermore, this policy may violate consumer protection laws in many regions, which state that it is the seller’s duty to ensure the merchandise is successfully delivered to the customer. By forcing a buyer to file a police report, retailers are essentially offloading their own responsibility for the delivery process. This also creates a risk for identity fraud.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Yves |date=2024-11-29 |title=Amazon Inside Job? Phishing for Government ID |url=https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2024/11/amazon-inside-job-phishing-for-government-id.html |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=nakedcapitalism |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250323012215/https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2024/11/amazon-inside-job-phishing-for-government-id.html |archive-date=23 Mar 2025}}</ref> As highlighted in an article by ''nakedcapitalism'', where a customer received a fraudulent request for their ID. Compounding the issue, Amazon's official return policy explicitly states they "may require additional information and documentation (such as a government-issued photo identification) during the processing of a return to help determine whether to provide a refund/replacement." This confirms the practice is officially sanctioned by the company, solidifying the burden of proof on the consumer and creating potential security risks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-22 |title=Amazon Return Policy |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=GKM69DUUYKQWKWX7 |website=amazon |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251204042941/https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=GKM69DUUYKQWKWX7 |archive-date=4 Dec 2025}}</ref>

This policy is often in direct violation of consumer protection laws<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amazon shows ‘contempt’ for UK law over parcel thefts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2023/nov/14/amazon-shows-contempt-for-uk-law-over-parcel-thefts|date=2023-11-14|website=The Guardian|first=Anna|last=Tims|access-date=2025-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224112713/https://www.theguardian.com/money/2023/nov/14/amazon-shows-contempt-for-uk-law-over-parcel-thefts |archive-date=24 Feb 2026}}</ref>. As reported by ''The Guardian'', consumer rights experts argue that this practice shows "contempt for UK consumer law." Under legislation like the Consumer Rights Act<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-22 |title=Consumer Rights Act 2015 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15/contents |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260128021613/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15/contents |archive-date=28 Jan 2026}}</ref>, the legal responsibility for ensuring goods are delivered safely to the customer rests with the retailer, not the buyer. The article highlights that the burden of proof is on the retailer to show an item was successfully delivered, not on the customer to prove it was not. By demanding a police report, retailers are not only offloading their legal responsibility but also creating a frustrating barrier. The Guardian article details cases where police have refused to issue reports for missing parcels, stating that since the contract is between the buyer and seller, no crime has been committed against the buyer. This leaves the customer in an impossible situation, caught between a retailer's demands and the police's jurisdiction. This has led consumer experts to label the requirement as a "red herring" tactic used to stall complaints and discourage customers from pursuing their rightful refund or replacement.

==Examples==
{{Ph-T-E}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Common terms]]

Poste Italiane turned a free identification service into a subscription

2026-03-17T11:54:51Z

YoshiRulz: /* Change from a free to a subscription model */ Remove mistaken duplicate template argument

{{IncidentCargo
|Company=Poste Italiane
|StartDate=2026-01-02
|EndDate=
|Status=Active
|ProductLine=
|Product=SPID
|ArticleType=Service
|Type=Rent-seeking, Subscription
|Description=The Italian postal service is now charging for a previously-free government ID service.
}}
{{StubNotice}}Poste Italiane is the Italian national postal service provider. Among other services, Poste Italiane provides a service of digital identification to Italian nationals and residents. Starting from 2026, this service was turned into a yearly subscription.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sesto |first=Mariolina |date=2026-01-02 |title=Poste Italiane, Spid now costs 6 euro a year: here's who has to pay and when and who is exempt |url=https://en.ilsole24ore.com/art/poste-italiane-spid-now-costs-6-euro-a-year-heres-who-has-to-pay-and-when-and-who-is-exempt-AIjnczf |url-status=live |access-date=2026-01-26 |work=ilSole24Ore}}</ref>

==Background==
'''Poste Italiane''' (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpɔste itaˈljaːne], <abbr>lit.</abbr> 'Italian Post', abbr. '''PT''') is the Italian postal service provider. Besides providing postal services, Poste Italiane offers communications, postal savings products, logistics, and financial and insurance services throughout Italy.

The Public Digital Identity System (SPID - Sistema Pubblico d'Identità Digitale) is the single system for accessing online services by the Italian public administration and its member private individuals with digital identity. Citizens and businesses can access these services with a unique digital identity that allows them to be accessed and used from any device. It was introduced to address the proliferation of online services, which forced citizens to have an ever-increasing number of login credentials, and to increase the digitalization of services.

==Change from a free to a subscription model==
In January 2026, Poste Italiane announced that the SPID service would convert to a subscription model.

Poste Italiane will introduce a €6 annual fee for its PosteID-enabled SPID service, starting from the second year of activation; the first year remains free. Certain groups, including those over 75, minors, residents abroad, and professional users, are exempt. Users will receive email notifications before payment deadlines, and unpaid accounts will be suspended but can be reactivated. These changes apply to pre-existing users too. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Poste Italiane |date=2026-01-27 |title=Poste Italiane - SPID webpage |url=https://www.poste.it/posteid?#accordion-moduliposteid-abilitato-spid-accordion-documentazionedocumentazione |url-status=live |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Poste Italiane |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260114131655/https://www.poste.it/posteid/ |archive-date=14 Jan 2026}}</ref>

The userbase was informed through a message on the main service page and an in-app message. Outdated and updated T&Cs can be found here.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poste Italiane |date=2018 |title=SPID 2018 T&C |url=https://www.media.poste.it/31a3d1ad-0bf4-4b72-abd0-b460a501cb9b/file/condizioni-generali-servizio-posteID-1-7 |access-date=2026-01-27 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250321100343/https://www.media.poste.it/31a3d1ad-0bf4-4b72-abd0-b460a501cb9b/file/condizioni-generali-servizio-posteID-1-7 |archive-date=21 Mar 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Poste Italiane |date=2026 |title=SPID T&C 2026 |url=https://www.media.poste.it/5c797444-1882-4dc0-b201-23408717e17d/file/condizioni_generali_di_servizio-2-9 |website=PosteID 2026 T&C |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260105105448/https://www.media.poste.it/5c797444-1882-4dc0-b201-23408717e17d/file/condizioni_generali_di_servizio-2-9 |archive-date=5 Jan 2026}}</ref>
[[File:SPID message.png|thumb|Message found on the Poste Italiane - SPID service website <ref>{{Cite web |last=Poste Italiane |date=2026-01-27 |title=PosteID website |url=https://posteid.poste.it/ |website=PosteID |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260201044516/https://posteid.poste.it/ |archive-date=1 Feb 2026}}</ref>]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

Interactive Brokers

2026-03-17T11:51:52Z

YoshiRulz: /* Third Party Biometrics with Au10tix */ Remove extraneous empty template argument

{{Incomplete}}
{{CompanyCargo
|Description=
|Founded=1978
|Industry=Financial
|Logo=Interactive Brokers.png
|ParentCompany=
|Type=Public
|Website=https://interactivebrokers.com
}}'''[[Wikipedia:Interactive Brokers|Interactive Brokers, Inc.]]''' (IB) is an American multinational firm that provides brokerage and financial services. The company operates under various names and legal structures across different jurisdictions, such as '''Interactive Brokers Hong Kong Limited''', and specializes in distinct lines of business, including '''Interactive Brokers, LLC''' for futures markets.

IB connects its customers to a wide range of financial markets, including futures markets based in the United States.

===Select business and consumer practices===

====Arbitration agreements====
IB customers can request trading permissions to access futures markets based in the United States. The process for obtaining these permissions can be completed through IB's public-facing customer portal. Customers must log in, navigate to the appropriate settings, review the provided documentation, and complete a web form to electronically 'sign' the agreement. When selecting futures trading permissions, customers will encounter a '''Futures Arbitration Agreement''' among the documents they are required to acknowledge.

The agreement may include text such as:<blockquote>You need not sign this agreement to open or maintain an account with IB. See 17 CFR 166.5</blockquote>Note that as of 2015-01-15, the text of 17 CFR 166.5 includes paragraph (c)(1):<ref>https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-17/chapter-I/part-166/section-166.5 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20250208184510/https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-17/chapter-I/part-166/section-166.5 Archived])</ref><blockquote>Signing the agreement must not be made a condition for the customer to utilize the services offered by the Commission registrant.</blockquote>and portions of paragraph (c)(2):<blockquote>If the agreement is contained as a clause or clauses of a broader agreement, the customer must separately endorse the clause or clauses containing the cautionary language and provisions specified in this section.</blockquote>However, IB's online trading-permission web form does not allow customers to separately endorse the 'cautionary language and provisions' from the 'settlement procedure' (e.g., the Futures Arbitration Agreement).

As a result, applicable IB customers may not realize that they can open futures transactions without agreeing to the Futures Arbitration Agreement. They may also be unaware that IB's systems impose a 1-contract trading restriction on accounts that do not agree to the agreement. Furthermore, customers may not recognize that this behavior by IB's systems conflicts with 17 CFR 166.5(c)(1), which they might have believed would protect them from such restrictions.

====Interest rates charged====
IB may be charging customers interest rates that exceed the maximum allowable rates set by statutory laws in certain U.S. jurisdictions. For example, the 2024 Maryland Code, Commercial Law § 12-102, specifies a maximum interest rate of 6% per annum.<ref>https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/commercial-law/title-12/subtitle-1/section-12-102/ ([http://web.archive.org/web/20250708180921/https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/commercial-law/title-12/subtitle-1/section-12-102/ Archived])</ref> However, IB does not explicitly state that it limits its interest rates to 6% for customers residing in Maryland.

It is worth noting that other brokerage firms publicly advertise significantly higher (and less favorable) interest rates to their customers, which may provide context for IB's practices. Nonetheless, the lack of clarity regarding compliance with state-specific interest rate laws raises questions about transparency and adherence to legal requirements.<ref>https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/index.php?f=44427 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251129221039/https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/index.php?f=44427 Archived])</ref>

===Public sphere===

====Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) action====

On September 28, 2021, the U.S. [[Commodity Futures Trading Commission]] (CFTC) issued a press release announcing that it had settled charges against Interactive Brokers, LLC. The settlement included a $1.75 million fine and $82.57 million in customer restitution for the following violation:<ref>https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8432-21 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20250731232208/https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8432-21 Archived])</ref><blockquote>Failing to diligently supervise the handling of its customer accounts by not adequately preparing and configuring its electronic trading system to receive negative prices and calculate margin on April 20, 2020, in violation of CFTC Regulation 166.3.</blockquote>On April 20, 2020, the May 2020 West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures contract, traded on the NYMEX exchange, settled at negative prices. The CFTC alleges that when a futures commission merchant, such as Interactive Brokers, LLC, operates systems incapable of accurately reflecting actual market prices, customers may suffer harm.

It remains unclear whether the CFTC or any other regulator has required Interactive Brokers, LLC, to update its systems to a specific performance standard to prevent customers from being exposed to potential harm from similar incidents in the future.

====January 2021 customer trading restrictions====
On January 28, 2021, Interactive Brokers restricted customer trading in certain securities with heightened stock volatility, including GameStop, AMC Entertainment, and Koss. Specifically, the company prevented customers from opening new options positions.<ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/28/interactive-brokers-restricted-gamestop-trading-to-protect-the-market-says-chairman-peterffy.html ([http://web.archive.org/web/20250919085011/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/28/interactive-brokers-restricted-gamestop-trading-to-protect-the-market-says-chairman-peterffy.html Archived])</ref> Interactive Brokers' chairman, Thomas Peterffy, stated in an interview with CNBC that the decision was made independently by the company and not due to external pressure, including from parties who might have financially benefited from disrupted order flow. CNBC also noted that the brokerage [[Robinhood]] had imposed similar trading restrictions on the same day.<ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/28/robinhood-interactive-brokers-restrict-trading-in-gamestop-s.html ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260222215247/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/28/robinhood-interactive-brokers-restrict-trading-in-gamestop-s.html Archived])</ref>

Customers should be aware that brokers, including IB, may take similar actions in the future. This poses a risk of economic harm, as investors could be artificially prevented from entering or executing trades during critical market movements.

===Two-factor Authentication & Biometrics===

====Deceptive MFA options====
Interactive Brokers requires the use of Two-Factor Authentication to access their services.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-07 |title=Two-Factor Authentication Methods |url=https://www.ibkrguides.com/securelogin/sls/twofactorauth.htm |url-status=live |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=IBKR Guides |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260207202720/https://ibkrguides.com/securelogin/sls/twofactorauth.htm |archive-date=7 Feb 2026}}</ref> They heavily push for the use of their application: IBKR Mobile to provide a TOTP challenge code. While their website states you can use a third party, offline authentication app, they do not provide any guides on how to set up an authentication app. If asked about this, they will tell you your only option is to install their application. For users with devices that do not support [[wikipedia:Google_Play_Services|Google Play Services]] (or [[Google Mobile Services]] (GMS)) or the Apple Store, they will not provide you with a signed APK and verified signing key upon request. The link to the article about using a 3rd Party Authenticator is the same as the IBKR Mobile one.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-07 |title=IBKR Mobile - IB Key Authentication |url=https://www.ibkrguides.com/securelogin/sls/ibkrmobile.htm |url-status=live |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=IBKR Guides |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251124152231/https://ibkrguides.com/securelogin/sls/ibkrmobile.htm |archive-date=24 Nov 2025}}</ref>

While no information is provided by Interactive Brokers' on their website on how to set up a 3rd Party TOTP Authenticator, it is possible to obtain a secret key by navigating through Settings > Security: Secure Login System > Mobile Authenticator and copying the secret key above the QR code into your Authenticator such as [https://keepassxc.org/docs/KeePassXC_UserGuide#_adding_totp_to_an_entry KeepassXC] or the [https://authenticator.cc/ Authenticator Browser Extension]

====Third Party Biometrics with Au10tix====
During initial signup, or as an alternative to secure verification without a MFA Challenge Code, SMS Token or denial of alternative Security Authentication such as Security Questions, you will be asked for ID Verification through the third party biometrics service provider Au10tix. As apart of their privacy policy, Aut10tix may retain client data indefinitely, and at a minimum of 3 years even upon request.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-13 |title=Au10tix - Biometric Data Policy |url=https://www.au10tix.com/legal/biometric-data-policy/ |url-status=live |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=Au10tix |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251127091042/https://www.au10tix.com/legal/biometric-data-policy/ |archive-date=27 Nov 2025}}</ref> You can state that you do not consent to third party biometric collection and they will be able to direct you to a manual verification process whereby you can email your ID.

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Interactive Brokers]]

Filmora lifetime licenses terminated

2026-03-17T11:49:58Z

YoshiRulz: /* Wondershare's response */ Remove extraneous empty template argument

{{IncidentCargo
|Company=Wondershare
|StartDate=
|EndDate=
|Status=
|ProductLine=
|Product=
|ArticleType=
|Type=
|Description=
}}
'''[[Wondershare]]''', the company behind '''[[wikipedia:Wondershare_Filmora|Wondershare Filmora]]''', changed its licensing policy, causing controversy among users. Originally, lifetime licenses promised unlimited access to future updates. However, Wondershare later restricted these licenses, requiring users to pay for major updates instead.

==Background==
'''Filmora''' is a video editing software designed for content creators and videographers. The software initially offered lifetime licenses, which were priced at $59.99, $20 more than the $39.99/year subscription.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ernie |date=3 Jan 2023 |title=Filmora lifetime license controvery |url=https://midrange.tedium.co/issues/filmora-lifetime-license-controversy/ |access-date=1 Mar 2025 |website=MidRange |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251005231658/https://midrange.tedium.co/issues/filmora-lifetime-license-controversy/ |archive-date=5 Oct 2025}}</ref> That meant that the lifetime license was cheaper than going for the yearly subscription twice.

==Terminating lifetime licenses==
In 2022, Wondershare altered its licensing terms, effectively invalidating the lifetime nature of these licenses. Instead of providing continuous updates, Wondershare restricted major upgrades (e.g., from Filmora 9 to Filmora 10) to users with subscription-based plans or those willing to pay an additional upgrade fee. This decision led to a significant backlash from customers who had purchased a lifetime license, believing they were entitled to all future versions at no extra cost.

Wondershare initially justified the change by claiming that the lifetime license only covered updates within the same major version (e.g., all updates within Filmora 9.x but not Filmora 10). However, this contradicted the original understanding many users had when purchasing the product.

===Wondershare's response===
The company directly addressed the users of the lifetime license users, putting out a statement with a public apology for the caused confusion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 Dec 2022 |title=Wondershare FINALLY makes things right for their old lifetime license users!! |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Filmora/comments/zzwczm/wondershare_finally_makes_things_right_for_their/ |access-date=1 Mar 2025 |via=Reddit |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230101000820/https://old.reddit.com/r/Filmora/comments/zzwczm/wondershare_finally_makes_things_right_for_their/ |archive-date=1 Jan 2023}}</ref> In that same statement, two compensation options are offered. Customers get a free upgrade to the latest version, but it does not state about future updates. By the specific language used, in this case "upgrade", the earlier lifetime updating does not seem applicable anymore after this. In the case that customers had already payed, they could get a full refund if they responded within a month, otherwise the company assumes they opt for getting additional software (priced at $99) as a way of compensation.

==Lawsuit==
In February 2024, there was a related [[class action]] lawsuit filed, alleging that Wondershare lures consumers into automatically renewing subscriptions without making proper disclosures or obtaining customer consent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCroskey |first=Kelsey |date=26 February 2024 |title=Wondershare Hit with Lawsuit Over Alleged Subscription Auto-Renewal Practices |url=https://www.classaction.org/news/wondershare-hit-with-lawsuit-over-alleged-subscription-auto-renewal-practices |access-date=1 Mar 2025 |website=ClassAction.org |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250803120045/https://www.classaction.org/news/wondershare-hit-with-lawsuit-over-alleged-subscription-auto-renewal-practices |archive-date=3 Aug 2025}}</ref><ref>https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/cacdce/2:2024cv01314/915366 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20250708172903/https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/cacdce/2:2024cv01314/915366 Archived])</ref> The court order established a 90-day window for settlement negotiations, and the case was dismissed subject to settlement consummation.<ref>https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/california/cacdce/2:2024cv01314/915366/42 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20250708172901/https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/california/cacdce/2:2024cv01314/915366/42 Archived])</ref>

The complaint alleged that Wondershare engaged in "misleading, false, unfair, and deceptive" practices, with customers seeking refunds and damages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 Feb 2024 |title=Plaintiff Sues Software Editing Firm for Violating Calif. Automatic Renewal Law |url=https://communicationslitigationtoday.com/article/2024/02/21/plaintiff-sues-software-editing-firm-for-violating-calif-automatic-renewal-law-2402200028 |access-date=1 Mar 2025 |website=Communications Litigation Today |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251019021748/https://communicationslitigationtoday.com/article/2024/02/21/plaintiff-sues-software-editing-firm-for-violating-calif-automatic-renewal-law-2402200028 |archive-date=19 Oct 2025}}</ref>

==Consumer response==

*'''Deceptive Advertising:''' Numerous users accused Wondershare of false advertising regarding the lifetime licenses. Industry reporting indicated a widely held view that Wondershare's marketing had been unclear about license limitations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 Jan 2023 |title=Changing Rules of Lifetime Licenses Might Be Illegal |url=https://nofilmschool.com/lifetime-licenses-need-to-knows |access-date=1 Mar 2025 |website=NoFilmSchool.com |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251015232747/https://nofilmschool.com/lifetime-licenses-need-to-knows |archive-date=15 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*'''Erosion of Trust:''' Previous trust in Wondershare's products evaporated, leaving customers wary of future purchases from the company. The blogger Ernie Smith described the license switch as "sneaky" in his coverage of the controversy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ernie |date=3 Jan 2023 |title=Filmora lifetime license controvery |url=https://midrange.tedium.co/issues/filmora-lifetime-license-controversy/ |access-date=1 Mar 2025 |website=MidRange |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251005231658/https://midrange.tedium.co/issues/filmora-lifetime-license-controversy/ |archive-date=5 Oct 2025}}</ref>
*'''Refund Requests:''' There was a significant demand for refunds from those who held "lifetime" licenses, claiming the product did not meet the expectations set by its marketing. Allegations from the class action lawsuit that Wondershare had been "luring" and "trapping" customers with deceptive license and subscription practices raised the profile of, and contributed to, this demand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 Feb 2024 |title=Class Action Accuses Wondershare of Allegedly Misleading Customers into Auto-Renewal for Filmora |url=https://socalrecord.com/stories/654977105-class-action-accuses-wondershare-of-allegedly-misleading-customers-into-auto-renewal-for-filmora |access-date=1 Mar 2025 |website=SoCal Record |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250515061722/https://socalrecord.com/stories/654977105-class-action-accuses-wondershare-of-allegedly-misleading-customers-into-auto-renewal-for-filmora |archive-date=15 May 2025}}</ref>

==See Also==
*'''Daniel Batal's coverage:'''
**{{Cite web |last=Batal |first=Daniel |date=22 Dec 2022 |title=Filmora Just CANCELLED our Lifetime Licenses. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bm90xW40c3A |via=YouTube |ref=Batal-video-1 |archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=bm90xW40c3A |archive-date=23 Feb 2026}}
**{{Cite web |last=Batal |first=Daniel |date=31 Dec 2022 |title=Filmora Told YouTube To Remove My Video. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMIIwQZMFLE |via=YouTube |ref=Batal-video-2 |archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=OMIIwQZMFLE |archive-date=23 Feb 2026}}
**{{Cite web |last=Batal |first=Daniel |date=2 Jan 2023 |title=Filmora Buckles Under Public Pressure! (but issues a threat) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xy1HiWGchMg |via=YouTube |ref=Batal-video-3 |archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Xy1HiWGchMg |archive-date=23 Feb 2026}}

*'''Louis Rossmann's coverage:'''
**{{Cite web |last=Rossmann |first=Louis |date=2 Jan 2023 |title=Filmora/Wondershare is a bad company for more reasons than you think |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKX0LjGBBqo |via=YouTube |archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=eKX0LjGBBqo |archive-date=23 Feb 2026}}

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Filmora]]
[[Category:Articles based on videos]]

Talk:How to help

2026-03-17T11:29:41Z

YoshiRulz: Update redirect target

#REDIRECT [[Project talk:How to help]]

Consumer Action Taskforce talk:Editorial guidelines

2026-03-17T11:29:06Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project_talk:Editorial_guidelines]]

Consumer Action Taskforce:Style guide

2026-03-17T11:27:27Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project:Style_guide]]

Consumer Action Taskforce:Moderator guidelines

2026-03-17T11:27:12Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project:Moderator_guidelines]]

Consumer Action Taskforce:Tools for writing articles

2026-03-17T11:24:59Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project:Tools_for_writing_articles]]

Consumer Action Taskforce talk:Wiki policy index

2026-03-17T11:18:31Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project_talk:Wiki_policy_index]]

Consumer Action Taskforce talk:Copyright

2026-03-17T11:17:29Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project_talk:Copyright]]

Consumer Action Taskforce:Copyright

2026-03-17T11:17:17Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project:Copyright]]

Consumer Action Taskforce:Article types

2026-03-17T11:15:38Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project:Article_types]]

Consumer Action Taskforce:Living persons policy

2026-03-17T11:15:18Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project:Living_persons_policy]]

Projects:Cargo-complete

2026-03-17T11:04:52Z

YoshiRulz: /* Project goals */ Fix WhatLinksHere links

Articles on this wiki contain structured data about the article's topic which is stored in a Cargo template. This data is being prepared for a browser extension that will notify users about a company's past incidents while they are shopping online. On some pages this data shows up in a box alongside the article, but on Incident pages, it is invisible. We need editors to contribute to this data by filling in missing data points and adding Cargo templates to old pages that do not have them. We've put this project page together to try and make it easier to track down and identify articles in need of metadata updates.
===What are Cargo tables?===
Cargo tables are data structures used on the Consumer Rights Wiki for storing info about articles. These can be used to create queries on the wiki (like the ones generating the tables you see below) as well as accessed via the wiki's API by things like the consumerrights.wiki browser extension project.

We have a few different Cargo tables, which are linked below. Each corresponds to a certain [[Consumer Rights Wiki:Article types|article type]] (although not all article types have Cargo tables).
===Project goals===
The purpose of project Cargo-Complete is to ensure that every Cargo table on the wiki contains all the information that it should, and that every relevant page has a Cargo table. This page contains tables which fetch all of the articles with each kind of Cargo table present on them, By checking over these tables, you should be able to identify articles where the Cargo data is missing, incorrect, or incomplete.

The pages which should have a Cargo table include:
*Pages about specific incidents ([[Template:IncidentCargo|template]])
*Pages about specific companies ([[Template:CompanyCargo|template]])
*Pages about specific products or services ([[Template:ProductCargo|template]])
*Pages about specific product lines ([[Template:ProductLineCargo|template]])

There are pages without Cargo. Some pages are using the deprecated Infobox data structures, which can be searched for and replaced:
* [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:InfoboxCompany|Companies]] - done, but still referenced on internal pages
* [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:InfoboxProductLine|Product lines]] - mostly done

Other pages do not have Cargo or Infoboxes and must be found by searching through the wiki in places like [[Special:AncientPages|ancient pages]] or [[Special:FewestRevisions|fewest revisions]], or may be stumbled across while doing other work on the wiki like copyediting or adding categories.
New method to find articles: [[User:Bythmusters#Finding articles without certain templates]] List has been exhausted, remaining articles do not fit into cargo classifications.

'''TL;DR - We want to look for empty boxes in the tables below, and fill them in'''

==What you need to do==
We need you to go through the tables below and 'fill in the blanks', as well as check for pages that don't have Cargo tables, and make cargo tables for them.

There are two good ways of editing a Cargo table. The first, and best, is through the source editor. Cargo tables are stored as plaintext within articles, and you can add or fill in fields within a Cargo table by simply adding the fields, or changing the information within them. Take a look at the template pages linked above if you're not sure on how this works.

It is also possible to edit them by going though the 'create a page' flow, and entering the name of a page that already exists (with the correct article type). This will take you to a form where you can change and add information to the various Cargo table fields. This also works for creating Cargo tables on pages that don't have them.

Feel free to keep a tally of the pages you've fixed up on the discussion page for this project, or share any tools or techniques you're using to make progress on the project with other editors, it'll be a great help!

This project will be considered complete when all relevant pages contain Cargo tables, and all Cargo tables have their full complement of data.

Additionally, our CI process for the CRW extension compiles a report on a daily basis going over Cargo data quality, which can be found [[Projects:Cargo-complete/report|here]]. This report may be a useful tool for quickly finding articles where data quality is lacking.

==Incidents==

{{#cargo_query:
|tables=Incident
|fields=_pageName=Page, Company, StartDate=Start Date, EndDate=End Date, Status, Product, Type, Description
|order by=_pageName
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|limit=1000
}}
==Companies==
{{#cargo_query:
|tables=Company
|fields=_pageName=Page, Type, Industry, Founded, ParentCompany=Parent Company, Website, Description
|order by=_pageName
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|limit=1000
}}

==Products==
{{#cargo_query:
|tables=Product
|fields=_pageName=Page, Company, ProductLine=Product Line, Category, ArticleType=Article Type, ReleaseYear=Release Year, InProduction=In Production, Description
|order by=_pageName
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|limit=1000
}}

==Product lines==
{{#cargo_query:
|tables=ProductLine
|fields=_pageName=Page, Company, Category, ArticleType=Article Type, ReleaseYear=Release Year, InProduction=In Production, Description
|order by=_pageName
|format=table
|class=wikitable sortable
|limit=1000
}}
[[Category:Projects]]

Talk:Consumer Action Taskforce:Wiki policy index

2026-03-16T21:34:34Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project_talk:Wiki_policy_index]]

Adobe animate

2026-03-16T21:33:07Z

YoshiRulz: Fix target

#REDIRECT [[Adobe#Adobe_Animate_discontinuation]]

Consumer Action Taskforce:Wiki content policies

2026-03-16T21:20:40Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project:Wiki_content_policies]]

Consumer Action Taskforce:Wiki policy index

2026-03-16T21:20:06Z

YoshiRulz: Create redirect

#REDIRECT [[Project:Wiki_policy_index]]

Template talk:CompanyCargo

2026-03-16T21:17:21Z

YoshiRulz: /* Wikidata */ new section

== Wikidata ==

I think adding a Wikidata QID field to this infobox would be good in the spirit of data interlinking.

Also, if you're willing to set up the Wikibase client extension, some of the other fields could be pulled from Wikidata:
* <code>Founded</code> is [[wikidata:Property:P571|P571 inception]]
* <code>Industry</code> is [[wikidata:Property:P452|P452 industry]] / [[wikidata:Property:P1056|P1056 product or material produced]], but the data is messy
* <code>Logo</code> is [[wikidata:Property:P154|P154 logo image]] (may require InstantCommons)
* <code>ParentCompany</code> is [[wikidata:Property:P749|P749 parent organization or unit]]
* <code>Type</code> is [[wikidata:Property:P1454|P1454 legal form]] / [[wikidata:Property:P31|P31 instance of]], but the data is messy
* <code>Website</code> is [[wikidata:Property:P856|P856 official website]] / [[wikidata:Property:P13337|P13337 domain name]]
For an example, [[wikidata:Q95|Q95 Google]] has all of these set. [[User:YoshiRulz|YoshiRulz]] ([[User talk:YoshiRulz|talk]]) 21:17, 16 March 2026 (UTC)

User:YoshiRulz

2026-03-16T20:27:37Z

YoshiRulz:

Life-long FOSS advocate, [https://yoshirulz.dev software engineer], and games preservationist.
<br>IANAL, but I have some understanding of software-as-IP and am convinced that it needs reforming,
And in the meantime, the best we can do is publish under (A)GPL and bring [[Vizio_sued_over_unfairly_appropriated_software_for_their_SmartCast_system|enforcement cases]].

See [https://login.miraheze.org/wiki/User:YoshiRulz my Miraheze user page] for other MediaWiki-powered sites I contribute to.

User:YoshiRulz

2026-03-16T00:55:48Z

YoshiRulz: Create page

Life-long FOSS advocate, software engineer, and games preservationist.

See my Miraheze user page for other MediaWiki-powered sites I contribute to.