Bait-and-switch - Revision history

Tempo123: /* See also */ Remove redundant link.

2026-03-05T11:06:34Z

ClippyWantsToHelp: /* See also */

2026-02-26T22:19:09Z

JodyBruchonFan: /* Historical cases */ clarified

2026-02-26T21:13:23Z

Historical cases: clarified

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 26 February 2026
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	Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>		Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>

	Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google without taking extreme measures like bootloader unlocking, rooting, and potentially flashing an alternative operating system. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.		Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years in addition to making new applications such as file managers less useful.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google without taking extreme measures like bootloader unlocking, rooting, and potentially flashing an alternative operating system. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.

	Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).		Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).

JodyBruchonFan: /* Historical cases */ clarified

2026-02-26T21:05:20Z

Historical cases: clarified

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:05, 26 February 2026
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	Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>		Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>

	Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.		Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google without taking extreme measures like bootloader unlocking, rooting, and potentially flashing an alternative operating system. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.

	Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).		Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).

JodyBruchonFan: /* Historical cases */ Android openness is history. And Reddit API.

2026-02-26T21:03:19Z

Historical cases: Android openness is history. And Reddit API.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:03, 26 February 2026
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	==Historical cases==		==Historical cases==
	Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>		Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>

			Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.

			Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).

	==See also==		==See also==

Tempo123: Add archival link for citation [6]

2026-02-21T14:00:30Z

Add archival link for citation [6]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:00, 21 February 2026
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	==Historical cases==		==Historical cases==
	Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 ~~EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk!]~~ - ~~Louis Rossmann~~</ref>		Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Venture18+: /* References */ added archive URLs

2026-02-20T17:33:32Z

References: added archive URLs

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:33, 20 February 2026
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	==Legality==		==Legality==
	In the United States, the [[Federal Trade Commission\|Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) has issued a Notice that it has determined that bait and switch sales practices are unfair or deceptive trade practices, and violate the FTC Act.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Penalty Offenses Concerning Bait & Switch \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206233839/https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=SYNOPSIS OF FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS CONCERNING “BAIT AND SWITCH” SALES PRACTICES \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Bait-Switch.pdf \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref> And in December 2024, the Commission announced a "Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees", in an effort to end the hidden fees when buying tickets or accomodation:<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 Dec 2024 \|title=Federal Trade Commission Announces Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/federal-trade-commission-announces-bipartisan-rule-banning-junk-ticket-hotel-fees \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref><blockquote>"The Junk Fees Rule will ensure that pricing information is presented in a timely, transparent, and truthful way to consumers of live-event tickets and short-term lodging, two industries whose pricing practices the Commission has studied in particular. Consumers searching for hotels or vacation rentals or seats at a show or sporting event will no longer be surprised by a pile of “resort,” “convenience,” or “service” fees inflating the advertised price. By requiring up-front disclosure of total price including fees, the rule will make comparison shopping easier, resulting in savings for consumers and leveling the competitive playing field."		In the United States, the [[Federal Trade Commission\|Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) has issued a Notice that it has determined that bait and switch sales practices are unfair or deceptive trade practices, and violate the FTC Act.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Penalty Offenses Concerning Bait & Switch \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206233839/https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=SYNOPSIS OF FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS CONCERNING “BAIT AND SWITCH” SALES PRACTICES \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Bait-Switch.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412220410/https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Bait-Switch.pdf \|archive-date=12 Apr 2025 \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref> And in December 2024, the Commission announced a "Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees", in an effort to end the hidden fees when buying tickets or accomodation:<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 Dec 2024 \|title=Federal Trade Commission Announces Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/federal-trade-commission-announces-bipartisan-rule-banning-junk-ticket-hotel-fees \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409110141/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/federal-trade-commission-announces-bipartisan-rule-banning-junk-ticket-hotel-fees \|archive-date=9 Apr 2025 \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref><blockquote>"The Junk Fees Rule will ensure that pricing information is presented in a timely, transparent, and truthful way to consumers of live-event tickets and short-term lodging, two industries whose pricing practices the Commission has studied in particular. Consumers searching for hotels or vacation rentals or seats at a show or sporting event will no longer be surprised by a pile of “resort,” “convenience,” or “service” fees inflating the advertised price. By requiring up-front disclosure of total price including fees, the rule will make comparison shopping easier, resulting in savings for consumers and leveling the competitive playing field."

	FTC, Press Release. December 17, 2024</blockquote>The aim of this rule is to force companies and sellers of these goods to be more transparent.		FTC, Press Release. December 17, 2024</blockquote>The aim of this rule is to force companies and sellers of these goods to be more transparent.
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	*FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=3 Oct 2024 \|title=FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260203064951/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|archive-date=3 Feb 2026}}</ref>		*FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=3 Oct 2024 \|title=FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260203064951/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|archive-date=3 Feb 2026}}</ref>

	== Historical cases ==		==Historical cases==
	Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk!] - Louis Rossmann</ref>		Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk!] - Louis Rossmann</ref>

Banana: Removed 3 duplicate url-status parameter(s) from 3 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

2026-02-16T06:20:13Z

Removed 3 duplicate url-status parameter(s) from 3 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:20, 16 February 2026
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	'''Bait-and-switch''' is the action of advertising goods that are an apparent bargain, with the intention of substituting inferior or more expensive goods.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=bait-and-switch \|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=Cambridge Dictionary ~~\|url-status=live~~ \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251017040547/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|archive-date=17 Oct 2025}}</ref> The measures against this practice depend greatly upon the consumer laws in each country, but it is usually considered under unfair and deceptive transactions.		'''Bait-and-switch''' is the action of advertising goods that are an apparent bargain, with the intention of substituting inferior or more expensive goods.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=bait-and-switch \|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=Cambridge Dictionary \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251017040547/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|archive-date=17 Oct 2025}}</ref> The measures against this practice depend greatly upon the consumer laws in each country, but it is usually considered under unfair and deceptive transactions.

	==Legality==		==Legality==
	In the United States, the [[Federal Trade Commission\|Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) has issued a Notice that it has determined that bait and switch sales practices are unfair or deceptive trade practices, and violate the FTC Act.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Penalty Offenses Concerning Bait & Switch \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC ~~\|url-status=live~~ \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206233839/https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=SYNOPSIS OF FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS CONCERNING “BAIT AND SWITCH” SALES PRACTICES \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Bait-Switch.pdf \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref> And in December 2024, the Commission announced a "Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees", in an effort to end the hidden fees when buying tickets or accomodation:<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 Dec 2024 \|title=Federal Trade Commission Announces Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/federal-trade-commission-announces-bipartisan-rule-banning-junk-ticket-hotel-fees \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref><blockquote>"The Junk Fees Rule will ensure that pricing information is presented in a timely, transparent, and truthful way to consumers of live-event tickets and short-term lodging, two industries whose pricing practices the Commission has studied in particular. Consumers searching for hotels or vacation rentals or seats at a show or sporting event will no longer be surprised by a pile of “resort,” “convenience,” or “service” fees inflating the advertised price. By requiring up-front disclosure of total price including fees, the rule will make comparison shopping easier, resulting in savings for consumers and leveling the competitive playing field."		In the United States, the [[Federal Trade Commission\|Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) has issued a Notice that it has determined that bait and switch sales practices are unfair or deceptive trade practices, and violate the FTC Act.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Penalty Offenses Concerning Bait & Switch \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206233839/https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=SYNOPSIS OF FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS CONCERNING “BAIT AND SWITCH” SALES PRACTICES \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Bait-Switch.pdf \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref> And in December 2024, the Commission announced a "Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees", in an effort to end the hidden fees when buying tickets or accomodation:<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 Dec 2024 \|title=Federal Trade Commission Announces Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/federal-trade-commission-announces-bipartisan-rule-banning-junk-ticket-hotel-fees \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref><blockquote>"The Junk Fees Rule will ensure that pricing information is presented in a timely, transparent, and truthful way to consumers of live-event tickets and short-term lodging, two industries whose pricing practices the Commission has studied in particular. Consumers searching for hotels or vacation rentals or seats at a show or sporting event will no longer be surprised by a pile of “resort,” “convenience,” or “service” fees inflating the advertised price. By requiring up-front disclosure of total price including fees, the rule will make comparison shopping easier, resulting in savings for consumers and leveling the competitive playing field."

	FTC, Press Release. December 17, 2024</blockquote>The aim of this rule is to force companies and sellers of these goods to be more transparent.		FTC, Press Release. December 17, 2024</blockquote>The aim of this rule is to force companies and sellers of these goods to be more transparent.
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	==Recent cases==		==Recent cases==

	*FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=3 Oct 2024 \|title=FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC ~~\|url-status=live~~ \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260203064951/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|archive-date=3 Feb 2026}}</ref>		*FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=3 Oct 2024 \|title=FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260203064951/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|archive-date=3 Feb 2026}}</ref>

	== Historical cases ==		== Historical cases ==

Banana: Added archive URLs for 3 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

2026-02-16T00:52:08Z

Added archive URLs for 3 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:52, 16 February 2026
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	'''Bait-and-switch''' is the action of advertising goods that are an apparent bargain, with the intention of substituting inferior or more expensive goods.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=bait-and-switch \|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=Cambridge Dictionary}}</ref> The measures against this practice depend greatly upon the consumer laws in each country, but it is usually considered under unfair and deceptive transactions.		'''Bait-and-switch''' is the action of advertising goods that are an apparent bargain, with the intention of substituting inferior or more expensive goods.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=bait-and-switch \|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=Cambridge Dictionary \|url-status=live \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251017040547/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|archive-date=17 Oct 2025}}</ref> The measures against this practice depend greatly upon the consumer laws in each country, but it is usually considered under unfair and deceptive transactions.

	==Legality==		==Legality==
	In the United States, the [[Federal Trade Commission\|Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) has issued a Notice that it has determined that bait and switch sales practices are unfair or deceptive trade practices, and violate the FTC Act.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Penalty Offenses Concerning Bait & Switch \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=SYNOPSIS OF FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS CONCERNING “BAIT AND SWITCH” SALES PRACTICES \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Bait-Switch.pdf \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref> And in December 2024, the Commission announced a "Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees", in an effort to end the hidden fees when buying tickets or accomodation:<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 Dec 2024 \|title=Federal Trade Commission Announces Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/federal-trade-commission-announces-bipartisan-rule-banning-junk-ticket-hotel-fees \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref><blockquote>"The Junk Fees Rule will ensure that pricing information is presented in a timely, transparent, and truthful way to consumers of live-event tickets and short-term lodging, two industries whose pricing practices the Commission has studied in particular. Consumers searching for hotels or vacation rentals or seats at a show or sporting event will no longer be surprised by a pile of “resort,” “convenience,” or “service” fees inflating the advertised price. By requiring up-front disclosure of total price including fees, the rule will make comparison shopping easier, resulting in savings for consumers and leveling the competitive playing field."		In the United States, the [[Federal Trade Commission\|Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) has issued a Notice that it has determined that bait and switch sales practices are unfair or deceptive trade practices, and violate the FTC Act.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Penalty Offenses Concerning Bait & Switch \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC \|url-status=live \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260206233839/https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/penalty-offenses/bait-switch \|archive-date=6 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=SYNOPSIS OF FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS CONCERNING “BAIT AND SWITCH” SALES PRACTICES \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Bait-Switch.pdf \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref> And in December 2024, the Commission announced a "Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees", in an effort to end the hidden fees when buying tickets or accomodation:<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 Dec 2024 \|title=Federal Trade Commission Announces Bipartisan Rule Banning Junk Ticket and Hotel Fees \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/federal-trade-commission-announces-bipartisan-rule-banning-junk-ticket-hotel-fees \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref><blockquote>"The Junk Fees Rule will ensure that pricing information is presented in a timely, transparent, and truthful way to consumers of live-event tickets and short-term lodging, two industries whose pricing practices the Commission has studied in particular. Consumers searching for hotels or vacation rentals or seats at a show or sporting event will no longer be surprised by a pile of “resort,” “convenience,” or “service” fees inflating the advertised price. By requiring up-front disclosure of total price including fees, the rule will make comparison shopping easier, resulting in savings for consumers and leveling the competitive playing field."

	FTC, Press Release. December 17, 2024</blockquote>The aim of this rule is to force companies and sellers of these goods to be more transparent.		FTC, Press Release. December 17, 2024</blockquote>The aim of this rule is to force companies and sellers of these goods to be more transparent.
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	==Recent cases==		==Recent cases==

	*FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=3 Oct 2024 \|title=FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC}}</ref>		*FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=3 Oct 2024 \|title=FTC Sends More Than $1.1 Million in Refunds to Consumers Deceived by Bait-and-Switch Ads for LASIK Vision Correction Procedures \|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=FTC \|url-status=live \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260203064951/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-sends-more-11-million-refunds-consumers-deceived-bait-switch-ads-lasik-vision-correction \|archive-date=3 Feb 2026}}</ref>

	== Historical cases ==		== Historical cases ==

Christoph Howard: No longer a stub needed article, not perfect persay but does not need a stub notice

2026-01-20T00:07:35Z

No longer a stub needed article, not perfect persay but does not need a stub notice

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:07, 20 January 2026
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	~~{{Stub}}~~
	'''Bait-and-switch''' is the action of advertising goods that are an apparent bargain, with the intention of substituting inferior or more expensive goods.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=bait-and-switch \|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=Cambridge Dictionary}}</ref> The measures against this practice depend greatly upon the consumer laws in each country, but it is usually considered under unfair and deceptive transactions.		'''Bait-and-switch''' is the action of advertising goods that are an apparent bargain, with the intention of substituting inferior or more expensive goods.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=bait-and-switch \|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bait-and-switch \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 Apr 2025 \|website=Cambridge Dictionary}}</ref> The measures against this practice depend greatly upon the consumer laws in each country, but it is usually considered under unfair and deceptive transactions.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 5 March 2026
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	*[[Post-purchase EULA modification]]		*[[Post-purchase EULA modification]]
	*[[Retroactively amended purchase]]
	*[[Retroactive policy enforcement]]		*[[Retroactive policy enforcement]]
	*[[Pay-walling]]		*[[Pay-walling]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:19, 26 February 2026
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	*[[Retroactively amended purchase]]		*[[Retroactively amended purchase]]
	*[[Retroactive policy enforcement]]		*[[Retroactive policy enforcement]]
			*[[Pay-walling]]

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 26 February 2026
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	Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>		Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>

	Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google without taking extreme measures like bootloader unlocking, rooting, and potentially flashing an alternative operating system. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.		Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years in addition to making new applications such as file managers less useful.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google without taking extreme measures like bootloader unlocking, rooting, and potentially flashing an alternative operating system. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.

	Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).		Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:05, 26 February 2026
Line 14:		Line 14:
	Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>		Android smartphone manufacturers used initial respect to user freedom to gain market share. For example user-replaceable batteries. After they gained enough market share, they switched to non-replaceable batteries.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Louis Rossmann \|title=EU votes to mandate removable batteries in smartphones in a landslide; no more glued together junk! \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 Feb 2026 \|website=YouTube \|archive-url=https://preservetube.com/watch?v=Yn-R39-dtc0 \|archive-date=21 Feb 2026}}</ref>

	Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.		Android used to be a freedom-respecting operating system. That changed when Google added restrictions over time that the user could not opt out of without extreme measures like bootloader unlocking and root access, including MicroSD writing restrictions in Android 4.4 and USB on-the-go media restrictions in Android 6.0, breaking compatibility for applications created over years.<ref>[https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional Traditional storage \| Android Open Source Project]</ref> The most severe restriction so far is the planned [[Android Developer Verification]] program, making it impossible to run software by developers not personally identified and approved by Google without taking extreme measures like bootloader unlocking, rooting, and potentially flashing an alternative operating system. It can be safely assumed that Android would never have gained their user base, had these restrictions been in place since the beginning.

	Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).		Reddit added a paywall to their API in 2023 after it was free of charge for many years. This change rendered third-party clients like "Apollo" unuseable and made archiving the history of Reddit far more difficult ([[Reddit#API_paywall,_June_2023\|more details]]).