Blu-Ray Ultra-HD DRM - Revision history

PeaceSeekers: archiving

2026-02-06T11:05:38Z

archiving

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 6 February 2026
Line 22:		Line 22:
	#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''{{Wplink\|AACS_LA\|AACS LA}}'''.		#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''{{Wplink\|AACS_LA\|AACS LA}}'''.
	#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available {{Wplink\|Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here}}).		#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available {{Wplink\|Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here}}).
	#'''Intel Management Engine (ME):'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom "The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom"] - fsf.org - ~~accessed~~ 2025-01-30</ref> If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.		#'''Intel Management Engine (ME):'''<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom\|title=The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom\|website=Free Software Foundation\|access-date=2025-01-30\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210165315/https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom\|archive-date=2025-02-10}}</ref> If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
	#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.		#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
	#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support '''{{Wplink\|High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|High-bandwith Digital Content Protection}}''' (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.		#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support '''{{Wplink\|High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|High-bandwith Digital Content Protection}}''' (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.
Line 29:		Line 29:
	The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.		The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.

	Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement.<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf "AACS License Agreement"] - ~~aacscla~~.com - ~~accessed~~ 2025-01-30</ref> This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.		Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf\|title=AACS License Agreement\|website=Advanced Access Content System\|access-date=2025-01-30\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406142710/https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf\|archive-date=2025-04-06}}</ref> This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.

	==Ownership concerns==		==Ownership concerns==

Bythmusters: Started cargo

2026-01-26T15:38:31Z

Started cargo

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Incomplete}}
+{{IncidentCargo
 Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet-connected AACCS [[DRM]], requiring WiFi every time a disc is played. If the AACS servers are shut down, the discs will become [[Discontinuation bricking|permanently unplayable]].

JordanJoel1: Fixed minor typo.

2025-08-20T20:22:45Z

Fixed minor typo.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:22, 20 August 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Incomplete}}		{{Incomplete}}

	Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet-connected AACCS [[DRM]], requiring WiFi every time a disc is played. Tf the AACS servers are shut down, the discs will become [[Discontinuation bricking\|permanently unplayable]].		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet-connected AACCS [[DRM]], requiring WiFi every time a disc is played. If the AACS servers are shut down, the discs will become [[Discontinuation bricking\|permanently unplayable]].

	<!--still incomplete-->		<!--still incomplete-->

Sojourna: clean-up

2025-07-08T23:15:15Z

clean-up

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:15, 8 July 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Incomplete}}		{{Incomplete}}

	Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS [[DRM]] requiring WiFi every time a ~~disk~~ is played~~, if~~ AACS servers shut down ~~disks~~ become permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet-connected AACCS [[DRM]], requiring WiFi every time a disc is played. Tf the AACS servers are shut down, the discs will become [[Discontinuation bricking\|permanently unplayable]].

	<!--still incomplete-->		<!--still incomplete-->

	The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the '''Advanced Access Content System''' (~~[[wikipedia:~~Advanced_Access_Content_System\|AACS]]) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of ~~cryptographically~~ complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers.		The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the '''Advanced Access Content System''' ({{Wplink\|Advanced_Access_Content_System\|AACS}}) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of crypto-graphically complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers.

	==Hardware requirements==		==Hardware requirements==
	The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:		The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:

	#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''~~[[wikipedia:~~AACS_LA\|AACS LA~~]].~~'''		#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''{{Wplink\|AACS_LA\|AACS LA}}'''.
	#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available ~~[[wikipedia:~~Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).		#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available {{Wplink\|Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here}}).
	#'''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom "The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom"] - fsf.org - accessed 2025-01-30</ref>~~''':'''~~ If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.		#'''Intel Management Engine (ME):'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom "The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom"] - fsf.org - accessed 2025-01-30</ref> If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
	#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.		#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
	#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support ~~[[wikipedia:~~High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|~~'''~~High-bandwith Digital Content Protection''']] (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.		#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support '''{{Wplink\|High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|High-bandwith Digital Content Protection}}''' (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.

	==Software requirements==		==Software requirements==
	The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.		The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.

	Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf "AACS License Agreement"] - aacscla.com - accessed 2025-01-30</ref>. This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.		Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement.<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf "AACS License Agreement"] - aacscla.com - accessed 2025-01-30</ref> This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.

	==Ownership concerns==		==Ownership concerns==
	The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS protected discs are designed in ~~a way~~ that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights. ~~Here's why:~~		The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS-protected discs are designed in ways that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights.

	#'''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g., due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.		#'''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g. due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.
	#'''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.		#'''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.
	#'''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.<!-- try using this source here: https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 -->		#'''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.<!-- try using this source here: https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 -->

	==References==		==References==
	~~<references />~~		{{Reflist}}

	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]

Jack Andersen: refformat.

2025-01-30T14:45:28Z

refformat.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:45, 30 January 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Incomplete}}		{{Incomplete}}

	Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS [[DRM]] requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .

	<!--still incomplete-->		<!--still incomplete-->
Line 12:		Line 12:
	#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''		#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''
	#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).		#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).
	#'''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom Intel ME]</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.		#'''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom "The Intel Management Engine: an attack on computer users' freedom"] - fsf.org - accessed 2025-01-30</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
	#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.		#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
	#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support [[wikipedia:High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|'''High-bandwith Digital Content Protection''']] (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.		#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support [[wikipedia:High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|'''High-bandwith Digital Content Protection''']] (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.
Line 19:		Line 19:
	The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.		The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.

	Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf AACS ~~license agreement~~]</ref>. This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.		Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf "AACS License Agreement"] - aacscla.com - accessed 2025-01-30</ref>. This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.

	== Ownership concerns ==		==Ownership concerns==
	The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS protected discs are designed in a way that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights. Here's why:		The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS protected discs are designed in a way that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights. Here's why:

	# '''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g., due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.		#'''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g., due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.
	# '''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.		#'''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.
	# '''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.		#'''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.<!-- try using this source here: https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 -->

	== References ==		==References==
			<references />
	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]
	~~<references />~~

	~~== Sources ==~~

	~~# [https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 Why UHD Blu-Ray denies your freedom]~~

Emanuele: added 2 paragraphs

2025-01-30T09:03:56Z

added 2 paragraphs

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 30 January 2025
Line 5:		Line 5:
	<!--still incomplete-->		<!--still incomplete-->

	The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of cryptographically complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers~~, meaning that if these servers were to shut down, the disks would become permanently unplayable~~.		The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the '''Advanced Access Content System''' ([[wikipedia:Advanced_Access_Content_System\|AACS]]) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of cryptographically complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers.

	== Hardware requirements ==		==Hardware requirements==
	The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:		The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:

	# A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''		#A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''
	# '''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).		#'''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).
	# '''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>Intel ME</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.		#'''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>[https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/the-management-engine-an-attack-on-computer-users-freedom Intel ME]</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
	# '''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.		#'''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
	# '''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support HDCP 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.		#'''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support [[wikipedia:High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\|'''High-bandwith Digital Content Protection''']] (HDCP) version 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.

	== Software requirements ==		==Software requirements==
			The decryption process involves several steps, with the first being the authentication of the player and the optical drive to ensure that both possess valid certificates. These certificates can be revoked arbitrarily at any time by AACS LA, rendering devices or software unusable with restricted media.

			Developers can obtain specifications for AACS 2.0 and 2.1 only after signing a license agreement<ref>[https://aacsla.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AACS1-Adopter-Agrmt-220519-v1.1-FINAL_review-only.pdf AACS license agreement]</ref>. This agreement stipulates that any software implementation must be closed-source and, as stated in section 7.6.4.1 of the agreement, requires the use of obfuscation techniques designed to effectively disguise and hinder attempts to uncover the methods used. This raises privacy concerns because decryption keys cannot be included with the software. Instead, the software must connect to the internet to retrieve the keys from servers. If these servers were to shut down, there would be no way to obtain the decryption keys, making the discs permanently unplayable.

			== Ownership concerns ==
			The restrictive hardware and software requirements to play AACS protected discs are designed in a way that goes against the [[right to own]], a key concept for consumer rights. Here's why:

			# '''Lack of Permanent Access:''' When decryption keys are stored on remote servers and require an internet connection to access, users are dependent on the continued operation of those servers. If the servers are shut down (e.g., due to company closure or discontinuation of support), the media becomes permanently unplayable. This undermines the idea of ownership, as users lose access to content they legally purchased.
			# '''Arbitrary Revocation of Certificates:''' The ability of AACS LA to revoke certificates at any time means that even if a user owns a legitimate player or software, it can be rendered unusable without warning. This creates a situation where the user's ability to access their media is controlled by a third party, not by their ownership of the physical disc.
			# '''Closed-Source and Obfuscation Requirements:''' The requirement for software to be closed-source and obfuscated prevents users from understanding, modifying, or repairing the software they use to access their media. This limits their control over the products they own and restricts their ability to preserve access to their media in the long term.

			== References ==
	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]
			<references />

			== Sources ==

			# [https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/articles/uhd-bluray-denies-your-freedom.html#show2 Why UHD Blu-Ray denies your freedom]

Emanuele: added a new paragraph

2025-01-29T22:50:14Z

added a new paragraph

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 29 January 2025
Line 3:		Line 3:
	Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .

			<!--still incomplete-->

			The Ultra HD Blu-Ray standard incorporates various restrictions, making it impossible to play UHD Blu-Ray discs without proprietary software and an internet connection. The primary DRM system used is the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) for content distribution and digital rights management. It employs a set of cryptographically complex standards to encrypt and control media playback. Decryption keys can only be acquired by connecting via internet to the company's servers, meaning that if these servers were to shut down, the disks would become permanently unplayable.

			== Hardware requirements ==
			The requirements to play a UHD Blu-Ray on a PC are:

			# A UHD-compatible optical drive certified by '''[[wikipedia:AACS_LA\|AACS LA]].'''
			# '''An Intel CPU with support for Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX):''' SGX is a protocol that creates a secure environment to prevent users from tampering with imposed restrictions. This feature was available in Intel CPUs produced between 2015 and 2022 but was discontinued due to security concerns (list of vulnerabilities is available [[wikipedia:Software_Guard_Extensions#List_of_SGX_vulnerabilities\|here]]).
			# '''Intel Management Engine (ME)'''<ref>Intel ME</ref>''':''' If the ME version is outdated, the disc will not play.
			# '''An Integrated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):''' The GPU shares the SGX enclave with the CPU, reducing the likelihood of users accessing or copying audio/video data.
			# '''HDCP 2.2 support:''' The integrated GPU, monitor, and HDMI/DisplayPort cable must all support HDCP 2.2. This protection system authenticates devices and encrypts the stream between them, making it extremely difficult to access audio/video data.

			== Software requirements ==
	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]

HeavenPiercerYama: grammar fix

2025-01-29T09:27:49Z

grammar fix

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	Ultra HD Blu-~~ray~~ uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring ~~wifi~~ every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks ~~are~~ permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-Ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring WiFi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks become permanently unplayable .

	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]

Tpat90 at 12:30, 21 January 2025

2025-01-21T12:30:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:30, 21 January 2025
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			{{Incomplete}}

	Ultra HD Blu-ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring wifi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks are permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring wifi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks are permanently unplayable .

	[[Category:Digital rights management]]		[[Category:Digital rights management]]

Waldo: Category:Digital rights management

2025-01-20T07:36:27Z

Category:Digital rights management

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:36, 20 January 2025
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	Ultra HD Blu-ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring wifi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks are permanently unplayable .		Ultra HD Blu-ray uses internet connected AACCS DRM requiring wifi every time a disk is played, if AACS servers shut down disks are permanently unplayable .

			[[Category:Digital rights management]]