Class action - Revision history

Bananabot: Added archive URLs for 2 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

2026-02-23T03:40:28Z

Added archive URLs for 2 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:40, 23 February 2026
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	A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref> European countries use the legal term [[wikipedia:Collective_redress\|'''collective redress''']], as they have a different legal framework around these kinds of lawsuits.		A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251206042820/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp Archived])</ref> European countries use the legal term [[wikipedia:Collective_redress\|'''collective redress''']], as they have a different legal framework around these kinds of lawsuits.

	In the US, rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated.<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref> When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation.<ref name=":0" /> This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.		In the US, rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated.<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260216015202/https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720 Archived])</ref> When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation.<ref name=":0" /> This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.

	==Requirements==		==Requirements==

Banana: Added archive URLs for 2 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

2026-02-16T01:52:15Z

Added archive URLs for 2 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:52, 16 February 2026
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	<blockquote>(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable"</blockquote>		<blockquote>(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable"</blockquote>

	Known as the "numerosity" requirement, this means that it would be not be manageable for the court to handle every claimant as a full legal participant in the suit. Numerosity is presumed at 40 or more claimants.<ref>https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/insights/legal/practical-guidance-journal/b/pa/posts/class-action-rule-23-a-prerequisites-standards-chart-2d-cir</ref>		Known as the "numerosity" requirement, this means that it would be not be manageable for the court to handle every claimant as a full legal participant in the suit. Numerosity is presumed at 40 or more claimants.<ref>https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/insights/legal/practical-guidance-journal/b/pa/posts/class-action-rule-23-a-prerequisites-standards-chart-2d-cir ([http://web.archive.org/web/20251209233902/https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/insights/legal/practical-guidance-journal/b/pa/posts/class-action-rule-23-a-prerequisites-standards-chart-2d-cir Archived])</ref>

	===Commonality===		===Commonality===
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	<blockquote>(4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class</blockquote>		<blockquote>(4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class</blockquote>

	Known as the "adequacy of representation" requirement, this means that the [[lead plaintiff]] (the person representing the class) has a shared interest in the case. In almost all cases, this requires that the lead plaintiff must be personally affected by the issue.<ref>https://www.classaction.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-the-lead-plaintiff-in-a-class-action-lawsuit</ref>		Known as the "adequacy of representation" requirement, this means that the [[lead plaintiff]] (the person representing the class) has a shared interest in the case. In almost all cases, this requires that the lead plaintiff must be personally affected by the issue.<ref>https://www.classaction.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-the-lead-plaintiff-in-a-class-action-lawsuit ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260111224656/https://www.classaction.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-the-lead-plaintiff-in-a-class-action-lawsuit Archived])</ref>

	==Importance for consumer rights==		==Importance for consumer rights==

I want to live in a world where: Readability.

2025-06-27T14:05:30Z

Readability.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 27 June 2025
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	A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a ~~unified,~~ collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref> European countries use the legal term [[wikipedia:Collective_redress\|'''collective redress''']], as they have a different legal framework around these kinds of lawsuits.		A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref> European countries use the legal term [[wikipedia:Collective_redress\|'''collective redress''']], as they have a different legal framework around these kinds of lawsuits.

	In the US, rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated.<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref> When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation.<ref name=":0" /> This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.		In the US, rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated.<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref> When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation.<ref name=":0" /> This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.

Shingo: Fixed citation punctuations.

2025-03-06T17:58:50Z

Fixed citation punctuations.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 6 March 2025
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	A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref> European countries use the legal term [[wikipedia:Collective_redress\|'''collective redress''']], as they have a different legal framework around these kinds of lawsuits.		A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref> European countries use the legal term [[wikipedia:Collective_redress\|'''collective redress''']], as they have a different legal framework around these kinds of lawsuits.

	In the US, rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>. When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />. This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.		In the US, rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated.<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref> When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation.<ref name=":0" /> This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.

	==Requirements==		==Requirements==
	A class action must meet all requirements under Rule 23(a) to be legally valid. The four requirements are listed below<ref name=":1" />.		A class action must meet all requirements under Rule 23(a) to be legally valid. The four requirements are listed below.<ref name=":1" />

	===Numerosity===		===Numerosity===
	<blockquote>(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable"</blockquote>		<blockquote>(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable"</blockquote>

	Known as the "numerosity" requirement, this means that it would be not be manageable for the court to handle every claimant as a full legal participant in the suit. Numerosity is presumed at 40 or more claimants<ref>https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/insights/legal/practical-guidance-journal/b/pa/posts/class-action-rule-23-a-prerequisites-standards-chart-2d-cir</ref>.		Known as the "numerosity" requirement, this means that it would be not be manageable for the court to handle every claimant as a full legal participant in the suit. Numerosity is presumed at 40 or more claimants.<ref>https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/insights/legal/practical-guidance-journal/b/pa/posts/class-action-rule-23-a-prerequisites-standards-chart-2d-cir</ref>

	===Commonality===		===Commonality===
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	<blockquote>(4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class</blockquote>		<blockquote>(4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class</blockquote>

	Known as the "adequacy of representation" requirement, this means that the [[lead plaintiff]] (the person representing the class) has a shared interest in the case. In almost all cases, this requires that the lead plaintiff must be personally affected by the issue<ref>https://www.classaction.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-the-lead-plaintiff-in-a-class-action-lawsuit</ref>.		Known as the "adequacy of representation" requirement, this means that the [[lead plaintiff]] (the person representing the class) has a shared interest in the case. In almost all cases, this requires that the lead plaintiff must be personally affected by the issue.<ref>https://www.classaction.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-the-lead-plaintiff-in-a-class-action-lawsuit</ref>

	==Importance for consumer rights==		==Importance for consumer rights==
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	Companies can include [[forced arbitration]] clauses in their terms and conditions to protect themselves from many kinds of lawsuits. These clauses often restrict customers from participating in class actions.		Companies can include [[forced arbitration]] clauses in their terms and conditions to protect themselves from many kinds of lawsuits. These clauses often restrict customers from participating in class actions.

	==~~Organisations~~ supporting class action==		==Organizations supporting class action==
	Note the below ~~organisations~~ are not law firms but can provide support for those seeking to understand or pursue class actions.		Note the below organizations are not law firms but can provide support for those seeking to understand or pursue class actions.

	===United States===		===United States===

InTransparencyWeTrust: Introduce class action in a broader perspective

2025-02-28T16:09:48Z

Introduce class action in a broader perspective

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 28 February 2025
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	A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref> ~~Rule 23 of~~ the ~~Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued~~ as ~~representative parties on behalf"~~ of ~~all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>~~.		A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref> European countries use the legal term [[wikipedia:Collective_redress\|'''collective redress''']], as they have a different legal framework around these kinds of lawsuits.

	When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />.		In the US, rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>. When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />. This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.

	~~Class actions originated in the US but are now recognised in some other jurisdictions, including Canada, the UK, and some European countries~~. This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.

	==Requirements==		==Requirements==

Mingyee: Added Wikipedia link

2025-01-23T07:46:10Z

Added Wikipedia link

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:46, 23 January 2025
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	A class action (or class action lawsuit) is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref>. Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>.		A [[wikipedia:Class_action\|'''class action''']] (or '''class-action lawsuit''') is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity.<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref> Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>.

	When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />.		When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />.
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	Class actions originated in the US but are now recognised in some other jurisdictions, including Canada, the UK, and some European countries. This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.		Class actions originated in the US but are now recognised in some other jurisdictions, including Canada, the UK, and some European countries. This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.

	== Requirements ==		==Requirements==
	A class action must meet all requirements under Rule 23(a) to be legally valid. The four requirements are listed below<ref name=":1" />.		A class action must meet all requirements under Rule 23(a) to be legally valid. The four requirements are listed below<ref name=":1" />.

	=== Numerosity ===		===Numerosity===
	<blockquote>(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable"</blockquote/>		<blockquote>(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable"</blockquote>

	Known as the "numerosity" requirement, this means that it would be not be manageable for the court to handle every claimant as a full legal participant in the suit. Numerosity is presumed at 40 or more claimants<ref>https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/insights/legal/practical-guidance-journal/b/pa/posts/class-action-rule-23-a-prerequisites-standards-chart-2d-cir</ref>.		Known as the "numerosity" requirement, this means that it would be not be manageable for the court to handle every claimant as a full legal participant in the suit. Numerosity is presumed at 40 or more claimants<ref>https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/insights/legal/practical-guidance-journal/b/pa/posts/class-action-rule-23-a-prerequisites-standards-chart-2d-cir</ref>.

	=== Commonality ===		===Commonality===
	<blockquote>(2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class</blockquote>		<blockquote>(2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class</blockquote>

	Known as the "commonality" requirement. This means that the class has a common case to be made against the defendant, either regarding what has occurred or the way it was unlawful.		Known as the "commonality" requirement. This means that the class has a common case to be made against the defendant, either regarding what has occurred or the way it was unlawful.

	=== Typicality ===		===Typicality===
	<blockquote>(3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class</blockquote>		<blockquote>(3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class</blockquote>

	Known as the "typicality" requirement, this means that the class action's claim actually represents the claims of its members.		Known as the "typicality" requirement, this means that the class action's claim actually represents the claims of its members.

	=== Adequacy of the representation ===		===Adequacy of the representation===
	<blockquote>(4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class</blockquote>		<blockquote>(4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class</blockquote>

	Known as the "adequacy of representation" requirement, this means that the [[lead plaintiff]] (the person representing the class) has a shared interest in the case. In almost all cases, this requires that the lead plaintiff must be personally affected by the issue<ref>https://www.classaction.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-the-lead-plaintiff-in-a-class-action-lawsuit</ref>.		Known as the "adequacy of representation" requirement, this means that the [[lead plaintiff]] (the person representing the class) has a shared interest in the case. In almost all cases, this requires that the lead plaintiff must be personally affected by the issue<ref>https://www.classaction.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-the-lead-plaintiff-in-a-class-action-lawsuit</ref>.

	== Importance for consumer rights ==		==Importance for consumer rights==
	Class actions are of particular importance for upholding consumer rights, as they allow claimants to receive justice when it would be too costly and time-consuming for individuals to separately seek justice on a widespread issue.		Class actions are of particular importance for upholding consumer rights, as they allow claimants to receive justice when it would be too costly and time-consuming for individuals to separately seek justice on a widespread issue.

	== Obstacles ==		==Obstacles==
	=== Forced arbitration ===		===Forced arbitration===
	Companies can include [[forced arbitration]] clauses in their terms and conditions to protect themselves from many kinds of lawsuits. These clauses often restrict customers from participating in class actions.		Companies can include [[forced arbitration]] clauses in their terms and conditions to protect themselves from many kinds of lawsuits. These clauses often restrict customers from participating in class actions.

	== Organisations supporting class action ==		==Organisations supporting class action==
	Note the below organisations are not law firms but can provide support for those seeking to understand or pursue class actions.		Note the below organisations are not law firms but can provide support for those seeking to understand or pursue class actions.

	=== United States ===		===United States===
	* [https://www.classaction.org/ ClassAction.org]		*[https://www.classaction.org/ ClassAction.org]

	=== Canada ===		===Canada===
	* [https://www.cba.org/Publications-Resources/Class-Action-Database Canadian Bar Association - Class Action Database]		*[https://www.cba.org/Publications-Resources/Class-Action-Database Canadian Bar Association - Class Action Database]

	=== United Kingdom ===		===United Kingdom===
	* [https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/ Citizens Advice]		*[https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/ Citizens Advice]

	== References ==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

	[[Category:Common terms]]		[[Category:Common terms]]

I want to live in a world where: Clarification of a sentence.

2025-01-19T20:46:59Z

Clarification of a sentence.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:46, 19 January 2025
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	When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />.		When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />.

	Class actions originated in the US but are now recognised in some other jurisdictions, including Canada, the UK, and some European countries.		Class actions originated in the US but are now recognised in some other jurisdictions, including Canada, the UK, and some European countries. This article discusses US law except where otherwise specified.

	== Requirements ==		== Requirements ==

I want to live in a world where: /* Organisations supporting class action */ Added link to organisation for Canada.

2025-01-19T20:44:54Z

Organisations supporting class action: Added link to organisation for Canada.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 19 January 2025
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	== Organisations supporting class action ==		== Organisations supporting class action ==
	Note the below organisations are not law firms but can provide support for those seeking to understand class actions.		Note the below organisations are not law firms but can provide support for those seeking to understand or pursue class actions.

	=== United States ===		=== United States ===
	* [https://www.classaction.org/ ClassAction.org]		* [https://www.classaction.org/ ClassAction.org]

			=== Canada ===
			* [https://www.cba.org/Publications-Resources/Class-Action-Database Canadian Bar Association - Class Action Database]

	=== United Kingdom ===		=== United Kingdom ===

I want to live in a world where: Removed incorrect redirect.

2025-01-19T19:07:35Z

Removed incorrect redirect.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:07, 19 January 2025
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	~~#REDIRECT [[class action lawsuit]]~~
	A class action (or class action lawsuit) is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref>. Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>.		A class action (or class action lawsuit) is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref>. Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>.

I want to live in a world where: Added redirection of "class action lawsuit" to class action.

2025-01-19T19:02:56Z

Added redirection of "class action lawsuit" to class action.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 19 January 2025
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	A class action (or class-action lawsuit) is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref>. Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>.		#REDIRECT [[class action lawsuit]]
			A class action (or class action lawsuit) is a type of civil lawsuit that allows a group of individuals (the "class") to make a unified, collective civil case against an entity<ref name=":0">https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/classaction.asp</ref>. Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits one or more parties to "sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf" of all those similarly situated<ref name=":1">https://charlestonlaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1255231&p=9195720</ref>.

	When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />.		When a class action succeeds, the class receives compensation, and after legal fees, all members of the class receive a share of the compensation<ref name=":0" />.