Monopoly - Revision history

Bananabot: Added archive URLs for 1 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

2026-02-23T12:42:30Z

Added archive URLs for 1 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:42, 23 February 2026
Line 180:		Line 180:
	<ref name=":01">{{Cite web \|title=What is 'Monopoly' \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|website=Economic Times of India \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260114151610/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|archive-date=14 Jan 2026}}</ref>		<ref name=":01">{{Cite web \|title=What is 'Monopoly' \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|website=Economic Times of India \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260114151610/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|archive-date=14 Jan 2026}}</ref>

	<ref name=":02">{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date=July 8, 2024 \|title=Monopoly Market – Types, Characteristic and Impact \|url=https://herovired.com/learning-hub/blogs/monopoly-market \|website= }}</ref>		<ref name=":02">{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date=July 8, 2024 \|title=Monopoly Market – Types, Characteristic and Impact \|url=https://herovired.com/learning-hub/blogs/monopoly-market \|website= \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251208185310/https://herovired.com/learning-hub/blogs/monopoly-market \|archive-date=8 Dec 2025}}</ref>

	<ref name=":03">{{Cite web \|date= \|title=Understanding Monopoly Definitions and Barriers to Entry \|url=https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions \|website=Study Pug \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250430203112/https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions/ \|archive-date=30 Apr 2025}}</ref>		<ref name=":03">{{Cite web \|date= \|title=Understanding Monopoly Definitions and Barriers to Entry \|url=https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions \|website=Study Pug \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250430203112/https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions/ \|archive-date=30 Apr 2025}}</ref>

Bananabot: Added archive URLs for 8 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

2026-02-23T06:28:34Z

Added archive URLs for 8 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:28, 23 February 2026
Line 91:		Line 91:

	===Economic implication===		===Economic implication===
	The economic effects of monopolies present a complex mix of potential drawbacks and benefits that economists have debated for decades. Understanding these implications requires examining both static efficiency considerations and dynamic innovation factors:[2]<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Emerson \|first=Patrick \|date= \|title=Intermediate Microeconomics \|url=https://open.oregonstate.education/intermediatemicroeconomics/chapter/module-15/ \|website=oregonstate.education}}</ref>		The economic effects of monopolies present a complex mix of potential drawbacks and benefits that economists have debated for decades. Understanding these implications requires examining both static efficiency considerations and dynamic innovation factors:[2]<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Emerson \|first=Patrick \|date= \|title=Intermediate Microeconomics \|url=https://open.oregonstate.education/intermediatemicroeconomics/chapter/module-15/ \|website=oregonstate.education \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251110012119/https://open.oregonstate.education/intermediatemicroeconomics/chapter/module-15/ \|archive-date=10 Nov 2025}}</ref>

	*'''Higher prices and reduced output'''		*'''Higher prices and reduced output'''
Line 125:		Line 125:

	===Standard Oil===		===Standard Oil===
	Founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1870, one of the most famous historical monopolies. Standard Oil achieved control over approximately 90% of oil refining in the United States by the early 1880s. It's dominance led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, and ultimately to its breakup into 34 separate companies in 1911 following a Supreme Court ruling. The Standard Oil case established important precedents for antitrust enforcement and demonstrated how monopolies could emerge through both efficiency advantages and anti-competitive practices.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Founding of U.S. Steel and the Power of Public Opinion \|url=https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|archive-date=8 Oct 2025\|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251008182743/https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|website=www.library.hbs.edu }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date= \|title=Broken Trust \|url=https://archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/broken-trust/ \|website=National Archives Foundation}}</ref>		Founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1870, one of the most famous historical monopolies. Standard Oil achieved control over approximately 90% of oil refining in the United States by the early 1880s. It's dominance led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, and ultimately to its breakup into 34 separate companies in 1911 following a Supreme Court ruling. The Standard Oil case established important precedents for antitrust enforcement and demonstrated how monopolies could emerge through both efficiency advantages and anti-competitive practices.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Founding of U.S. Steel and the Power of Public Opinion \|url=https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|archive-date=8 Oct 2025\|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251008182743/https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|website=www.library.hbs.edu }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date= \|title=Broken Trust \|url=https://archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/broken-trust/ \|website=National Archives Foundation \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251227134043/https://archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/broken-trust/ \|archive-date=27 Dec 2025}}</ref>

	===AT&T===		===AT&T===
Line 178:		Line 178:
	----		----
	<!--		<!--
	<ref name=":01">{{Cite web \|title=What is 'Monopoly' \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|website=Economic Times of India }}</ref>		<ref name=":01">{{Cite web \|title=What is 'Monopoly' \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|website=Economic Times of India \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260114151610/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|archive-date=14 Jan 2026}}</ref>

	<ref name=":02">{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date=July 8, 2024 \|title=Monopoly Market – Types, Characteristic and Impact \|url=https://herovired.com/learning-hub/blogs/monopoly-market \|website= }}</ref>		<ref name=":02">{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date=July 8, 2024 \|title=Monopoly Market – Types, Characteristic and Impact \|url=https://herovired.com/learning-hub/blogs/monopoly-market \|website= }}</ref>

	<ref name=":03">{{Cite web \|date= \|title=Understanding Monopoly Definitions and Barriers to Entry \|url=https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions \|website=Study Pug }}</ref>		<ref name=":03">{{Cite web \|date= \|title=Understanding Monopoly Definitions and Barriers to Entry \|url=https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions \|website=Study Pug \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250430203112/https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions/ \|archive-date=30 Apr 2025}}</ref>

	<ref name=":04">{{Cite web \|date= \|title=Legal Monopoly \|url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/legal-monopoly/ \|website=Corporate Finance Institute }}</ref>		<ref name=":04">{{Cite web \|date= \|title=Legal Monopoly \|url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/legal-monopoly/ \|website=Corporate Finance Institute \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251015211354/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/legal-monopoly/ \|archive-date=15 Oct 2025}}</ref>

	<ref name=":05">{{Cite web \|last=Nasrudin \|first=Ahmad \|date=January 22, 2025 \|title=Monopoly: Meaning, Examples, Characteristics, Causes, Advantages, Disadvantages \|url=https://penpoin.com/monopoly/ \|website=penpoin.com}}</ref>		<ref name=":05">{{Cite web \|last=Nasrudin \|first=Ahmad \|date=January 22, 2025 \|title=Monopoly: Meaning, Examples, Characteristics, Causes, Advantages, Disadvantages \|url=https://penpoin.com/monopoly/ \|website=penpoin.com \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250428180414/https://penpoin.com/monopoly/ \|archive-date=28 Apr 2025}}</ref>

	<ref name=":06">{{Cite web \|last=Emerson \|first=Patrick \|date= \|title=Intermediate Microeconomics \|url=https://open.oregonstate.education/intermediatemicroeconomics/chapter/module-15/ \|website=oregonstate.education}}</ref>		<ref name=":06">{{Cite web \|last=Emerson \|first=Patrick \|date= \|title=Intermediate Microeconomics \|url=https://open.oregonstate.education/intermediatemicroeconomics/chapter/module-15/ \|website=oregonstate.education \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251110012119/https://open.oregonstate.education/intermediatemicroeconomics/chapter/module-15/ \|archive-date=10 Nov 2025}}</ref>

	<ref name=":07">{{Cite web \|date=July 2023 \|title=Monopoly \|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/monopoly \|website=law.cornell.edu}}</ref>		<ref name=":07">{{Cite web \|date=July 2023 \|title=Monopoly \|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/monopoly \|website=law.cornell.edu \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250918071518/https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/monopoly \|archive-date=18 Sep 2025}}</ref>
	-->		-->
	<references />		<references />

Bananabot: Re-archived 2 citation(s) from archive.today to web.archive.org using CRWCitationBot

2026-02-22T22:35:29Z

Re-archived 2 citation(s) from archive.today to web.archive.org using CRWCitationBot

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:35, 22 February 2026
Line 3:		Line 3:
	A [[wikipedia:Monopoly\|monopoly]] represents a market structure where a single seller or entity dominates the entire market for a particular good or service. This economic arrangement is characterized by a lack of viable substitute goods and the absence of economic competition. This allows the monopolist to potentially charge prices significantly above marginal cost while maintaining substantial monopoly profit.		A [[wikipedia:Monopoly\|monopoly]] represents a market structure where a single seller or entity dominates the entire market for a particular good or service. This economic arrangement is characterized by a lack of viable substitute goods and the absence of economic competition. This allows the monopolist to potentially charge prices significantly above marginal cost while maintaining substantial monopoly profit.

	In legal contexts, the concept of monopoly extends beyond pure single-firm markets to include various situations where market power is concentrated among very few actors, including duopolies, and oligopolies.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|date=July 1, 2023 \|title=monopoly \|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/monopoly \|archive-url=https://~~archive~~.ph/~~hOJXp~~ \|archive-date=~~June 8, 2024~~ \|website=www.law.cornell.edu }}</ref>		In legal contexts, the concept of monopoly extends beyond pure single-firm markets to include various situations where market power is concentrated among very few actors, including duopolies, and oligopolies.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|date=July 1, 2023 \|title=monopoly \|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/monopoly \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250918071518/https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/monopoly \|archive-date=18 Sep 2025\|website=www.law.cornell.edu }}</ref>

	==Characteristics of monopolies==		==Characteristics of monopolies==
Line 125:		Line 125:

	===Standard Oil===		===Standard Oil===
	Founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1870, one of the most famous historical monopolies. Standard Oil achieved control over approximately 90% of oil refining in the United States by the early 1880s. It's dominance led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, and ultimately to its breakup into 34 separate companies in 1911 following a Supreme Court ruling. The Standard Oil case established important precedents for antitrust enforcement and demonstrated how monopolies could emerge through both efficiency advantages and anti-competitive practices.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Founding of U.S. Steel and the Power of Public Opinion \|url=https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|archive-date=~~September 16,~~ 2025 \|archive-url=https://~~archive~~.ph/~~QcmPI~~ \|website=www.library.hbs.edu }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date= \|title=Broken Trust \|url=https://archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/broken-trust/ \|website=National Archives Foundation}}</ref>		Founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1870, one of the most famous historical monopolies. Standard Oil achieved control over approximately 90% of oil refining in the United States by the early 1880s. It's dominance led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, and ultimately to its breakup into 34 separate companies in 1911 following a Supreme Court ruling. The Standard Oil case established important precedents for antitrust enforcement and demonstrated how monopolies could emerge through both efficiency advantages and anti-competitive practices.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Founding of U.S. Steel and the Power of Public Opinion \|url=https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|archive-date=8 Oct 2025\|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251008182743/https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|website=www.library.hbs.edu }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date= \|title=Broken Trust \|url=https://archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/broken-trust/ \|website=National Archives Foundation}}</ref>

	===AT&T===		===AT&T===

2A02:C7C:1488:8700:24C9:1710:ECDD:A64B: /* Standard Oil */ fixed cite error

2025-11-05T23:57:39Z

Standard Oil: fixed cite error

Show changes

DzLamme: /* Contemporary tech monopolies */

2025-09-25T11:03:04Z

Contemporary tech monopolies

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 25 September 2025
Line 138:		Line 138:

	=== Contemporary tech monopolies ===		=== Contemporary tech monopolies ===
	~~In recent years, major~~ technology companies including Google, Amazon, Facebook (Meta), and Apple have faced accusations of monopolistic behavior. Google has been subject to multiple antitrust lawsuits alleging it illegally maintained monopolies in search engines and digital advertising through exclusionary practices. Amazon faces scrutiny over its dual role as marketplace operator and competitor to third-party sellers on its platform. Facebook's acquisition strategy (including purchases of Instagram and WhatsApp) has drawn regulatory challenges aimed at preventing the entrenchment of monopoly power. These cases represent ongoing debates about how to apply traditional antitrust frameworks to digital platforms whose business models differ substantially from industrial-era monopolies.		Major technology companies including Google, Amazon, Facebook (Meta), and Apple have faced accusations of monopolistic behavior. Google has been subject to multiple antitrust lawsuits alleging it illegally maintained monopolies in search engines and digital advertising through exclusionary practices. Amazon faces scrutiny over its dual role as marketplace operator and competitor to third-party sellers on its platform. Facebook's acquisition strategy (including purchases of Instagram and WhatsApp) has drawn regulatory challenges aimed at preventing the entrenchment of monopoly power. These cases represent ongoing debates about how to apply traditional antitrust frameworks to digital platforms whose business models differ substantially from industrial-era monopolies.

	== Government regulation of monopolies ==		== Government regulation of monopolies ==

DzLamme: /* Microsoft corporation */

2025-09-17T09:36:34Z

Microsoft corporation

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:36, 17 September 2025
Line 133:		Line 133:
	=== Microsoft corporation ===		=== Microsoft corporation ===

	Microsoft faced significant antitrust scrutiny in the late 1990s over its dominance of personal computer operating systems and web browsers. The U.S. Department of Justice alleged that Microsoft maintained monopoly power in PC operating systems and used this power to unlawfully tie its Internet Explorer web browser to Windows, disadvantaging competitors like Netscape Navigator.		[[Microsoft]] faced significant antitrust scrutiny in the late 1990s over its dominance of personal computer operating systems and web browsers. The U.S. Department of Justice alleged that Microsoft maintained monopoly power in PC operating systems and used this power to unlawfully tie its Internet Explorer web browser to Windows, disadvantaging competitors like Netscape Navigator.

	A 2000 court decision ordered Microsoft to be split into two separate companies, one for operating systems and one for software applications, though this penalty was ultimately overturned on appeal. They instead reached a settlement with the DOJ that imposed behavioral restrictions but preserved the company's structural integrity. This case highlighted how technology companies could achieve monopoly power through network effects and platform control rather than traditional barriers to entry.		A 2000 court decision ordered Microsoft to be split into two separate companies, one for operating systems and one for software applications, though this penalty was ultimately overturned on appeal. They instead reached a settlement with the DOJ that imposed behavioral restrictions but preserved the company's structural integrity. This case highlighted how technology companies could achieve monopoly power through network effects and platform control rather than traditional barriers to entry.

DzLamme at 05:02, 16 September 2025

2025-09-16T05:02:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:02, 16 September 2025
Line 125:		Line 125:

	=== Standard Oil ===		=== Standard Oil ===
	Founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1870, one of the most famous historical monopolies. Standard Oil achieved control over approximately 90% of oil refining in the United States by the early 1880s. It's dominance led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, and ultimately to its breakup into 34 separate companies in 1911 following a Supreme Court ruling. The Standard Oil case established important precedents for antitrust enforcement and demonstrated how monopolies could emerge through both efficiency advantages and anti-competitive practices.<ref>{{Cite web ~~\|last= \|first= \|date=~~ \|title= \|url=https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|website= }}</ref>		Founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1870, one of the most famous historical monopolies. Standard Oil achieved control over approximately 90% of oil refining in the United States by the early 1880s. It's dominance led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, and ultimately to its breakup into 34 separate companies in 1911 following a Supreme Court ruling. The Standard Oil case established important precedents for antitrust enforcement and demonstrated how monopolies could emerge through both efficiency advantages and anti-competitive practices.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Founding of U.S. Steel and the Power of Public Opinion \|url=https://www.library.hbs.edu/us-steel/exhibition/the-founding-of-u.s.-steel-and-the-power-of-public-opinion \|archive-date=September 16, 2025 \|archive-url=https://archive.ph/QcmPI \|website=www.library.hbs.edu }}</ref>
	<ref>{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date= \|title= \|url=https://archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/broken-trust/ \|website= }}</ref>		<ref>{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date= \|title= \|url=https://archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/broken-trust/ \|website= }}</ref>

DzLamme: /* Characteristics of monopoly */

2025-09-16T00:12:14Z

Characteristics of monopoly

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:12, 16 September 2025
Line 5:		Line 5:
	In legal contexts, the concept of monopoly extends beyond pure single-firm markets to include various situations where market power is concentrated among very few actors, including duopolies, and oligopolies.<ref name=':0'>{{Cite web \|date=July 1, 2023 \|title=monopoly \|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/monopoly \|archive-url=https://archive.ph/hOJXp \|archive-date=June 8, 2024 \|website=www.law.cornell.edu }}</ref>		In legal contexts, the concept of monopoly extends beyond pure single-firm markets to include various situations where market power is concentrated among very few actors, including duopolies, and oligopolies.<ref name=':0'>{{Cite web \|date=July 1, 2023 \|title=monopoly \|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/monopoly \|archive-url=https://archive.ph/hOJXp \|archive-date=June 8, 2024 \|website=www.law.cornell.edu }}</ref>

	== Characteristics of ~~monopoly~~ ==		== Characteristics of monopolies ==
	Monopolistic market structures exhibit several defining features that distinguish them from other market forms. These characteristics create the conditions that allow monopolists to exercise market power and operate with limited competitive constraints:		Monopolistic market structures exhibit several defining features that distinguish them from other market forms. These characteristics create the conditions that allow monopolists to exercise market power and operate with limited competitive constraints:

Line 119:		Line 119:

	*'''Cross-subsidization possibilities'''		*'''Cross-subsidization possibilities'''
	*: Monopolists with multiple product lines or customer segments may engage in cross-subsidization'', using profits from one area to support services that might not be economically viable in competitive markets. This practice can sometimes serve social objectives, such as maintaining service to unprofitable rural customers while providing urban services.		*: Monopolists with multiple product lines or customer segments may engage in cross-subsidization'', using profits from one area to support services that might not be economically viable in competitive markets. This practice can sometimes serve social objectives, such as maintaining service to unprofitable rural customers while providing urban services.

	== Notable monopolies ==		== Notable monopolies ==

DzLamme: Citation data, links, etc. coming soon.

2025-09-16T00:11:46Z

Citation data, links, etc. coming soon.

Show changes

Guacamole: minor polish

2025-09-06T10:13:06Z

minor polish

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:13, 6 September 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{ToneWarning}}		{{ToneWarning}}

	A [[wikipedia:Monopoly\|monopoly]] is a market structure where a single firm, the monopolist, is the exclusive supplier of a product or service with no close substitutes. This grants the firm significant control over prices and supply, often leading to reduced consumer choice and potential market inefficiencies. They ~~are~~ often ~~characterized by~~ few ~~characteristics~~.		A [[wikipedia:Monopoly\|monopoly]] is a market structure where a single firm, the monopolist, is the exclusive supplier of a product or service with no close substitutes. This grants the firm significant control over prices and supply, often leading to reduced consumer choice and potential market inefficiencies. They often share a few distinct character traits.
	==~~Whatsa~~ monopoly?==		==What is a monopoly?==
	===Monopolistic characteristics===		===Monopolistic characteristics===
	#Single seller		#Single seller

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:42, 23 February 2026
Line 180:		Line 180:
	<ref name=":01">{{Cite web \|title=What is 'Monopoly' \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|website=Economic Times of India \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260114151610/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|archive-date=14 Jan 2026}}</ref>		<ref name=":01">{{Cite web \|title=What is 'Monopoly' \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|website=Economic Times of India \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260114151610/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monopoly \|archive-date=14 Jan 2026}}</ref>

	<ref name=":02">{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date=July 8, 2024 \|title=Monopoly Market – Types, Characteristic and Impact \|url=https://herovired.com/learning-hub/blogs/monopoly-market \|website= }}</ref>		<ref name=":02">{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date=July 8, 2024 \|title=Monopoly Market – Types, Characteristic and Impact \|url=https://herovired.com/learning-hub/blogs/monopoly-market \|website= \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251208185310/https://herovired.com/learning-hub/blogs/monopoly-market \|archive-date=8 Dec 2025}}</ref>

	<ref name=":03">{{Cite web \|date= \|title=Understanding Monopoly Definitions and Barriers to Entry \|url=https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions \|website=Study Pug \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250430203112/https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions/ \|archive-date=30 Apr 2025}}</ref>		<ref name=":03">{{Cite web \|date= \|title=Understanding Monopoly Definitions and Barriers to Entry \|url=https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions \|website=Study Pug \|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250430203112/https://www.studypug.com/micro-econ-help/monopoly-definitions/ \|archive-date=30 Apr 2025}}</ref>