Qualcomm - Revision history

SinexTitan: brand article now a brand article :o

2026-03-08T17:36:41Z

brand article now a brand article :o

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:36, 8 March 2026
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	\|Description=Qualcomm Incorporated is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its Snapdragon line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.		\|Description=Qualcomm Incorporated is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its Snapdragon line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.
	}}		}}
	[[wikipedia:Qualcomm\|'''Qualcomm Incorporated''']] is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its [[wikipedia:Qualcomm_Snapdragon\|Snapdragon]] line of ~~System-~~on~~-Chips~~ (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.		[[wikipedia:Qualcomm\|'''Qualcomm Incorporated''']] is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its [[wikipedia:Qualcomm_Snapdragon\|Snapdragon]] line of {{Wplink\|system on a chip}} (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.

	==Consumer-impact summary==		==Consumer-impact summary==
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	*'''Market Control:''' Dominates in high-end mobile chips with indirect competition from [[Apple]] and [[Samsung]]. Higher competition with [[MediaTek]] in the medium to low-end mobile market, and with [[Intel]], [[Broadcom Inc.\|Broadcom]] and [[MediaTek]] in WiFi/Bluetooth chips. Competes with [[Apple]], [[Intel]] and [[AMD]] in energy-efficient laptop processors.		*'''Market Control:''' Dominates in high-end mobile chips with indirect competition from [[Apple]] and [[Samsung]]. Higher competition with [[MediaTek]] in the medium to low-end mobile market, and with [[Intel]], [[Broadcom Inc.\|Broadcom]] and [[MediaTek]] in WiFi/Bluetooth chips. Competes with [[Apple]], [[Intel]] and [[AMD]] in energy-efficient laptop processors.

	==~~Controversial Practices~~==		==Incidents==
			This is a list of all consumer-protection incidents this company is involved in. Any incidents not mentioned here can be found in the [[:Category:{{FULLPAGENAME}}\|{{PAGENAME}} category]].

	===Restrictions on software modifications===		===Restrictions on software modifications===
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	Several entities are listed as being stakeholders in the final product, while no mention of the end user is made.		Several entities are listed as being stakeholders in the final product, while no mention of the end user is made.

	=== TOS change after acquistion of [[Arduino]] ===		===TOS change after acquistion of [[Arduino]]===
	On October 2025, Qualcomm acquired Arduino for an undisclosed amount, Shortly after this acquisition, the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy for Arduino was modified in a way that harmed consumers.		On October 2025, Qualcomm acquired Arduino for an undisclosed amount, Shortly after this acquisition, the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy for Arduino was modified in a way that harmed consumers.

	The following is an incomplete list of these changes:		The following is an incomplete list of these changes:

	* Introduction of an irrevocable, perpetual license granted to [[Qualcomm]] over all user-uploaded content		*Introduction of an irrevocable, perpetual license granted to [[Qualcomm]] over all user-uploaded content

	* Surveillance-style monitoring implemented for AI features		*Surveillance-style monitoring implemented for AI features

	* Patent infringement identification clause preventing users from identifying potential patent violations		*Patent infringement identification clause preventing users from identifying potential patent violations

	* Extended data retention of usernames for years after account deletion		*Extended data retention of usernames for years after account deletion

	* Global data integration of all user data (including minors' data) into Qualcomm's ecosystem		*Global data integration of all user data (including minors' data) into Qualcomm's ecosystem

			== Products ==
			{{Ph-C-P}}

	==See also==		==See also==

Dosjdhdjdjdhdjdjdj: /* Consumer-impact summary */

2026-03-08T07:29:26Z

Consumer-impact summary

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:29, 8 March 2026
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	==Consumer-impact summary==		==Consumer-impact summary==

	*'''User Freedom:''' Known for implementing measures against software modifications in mobile devices utilizing their processors.		*'''User Freedom:''' Known for implementing measures against software modifications in mobile devices utilizing their processors. Also Qualcomm’s purchase of Arduino modified the terms of the purchase after the purchase was made with the changed TOS.
	*'''Market Control:''' Dominates in high-end mobile chips with indirect competition from [[Apple]] and [[Samsung]]. Higher competition with [[MediaTek]] in the medium to low-end mobile market, and with [[Intel]], [[Broadcom Inc.\|Broadcom]] and [[MediaTek]] in WiFi/Bluetooth chips. Competes with [[Apple]], [[Intel]] and [[AMD]] in energy-efficient laptop processors.		*'''Market Control:''' Dominates in high-end mobile chips with indirect competition from [[Apple]] and [[Samsung]]. Higher competition with [[MediaTek]] in the medium to low-end mobile market, and with [[Intel]], [[Broadcom Inc.\|Broadcom]] and [[MediaTek]] in WiFi/Bluetooth chips. Competes with [[Apple]], [[Intel]] and [[AMD]] in energy-efficient laptop processors.

Bananabot: Added archive URLs for 1 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

2026-02-23T07:19:04Z

Added archive URLs for 1 citation(s) using CRWCitationBot

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:19, 23 February 2026
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	Qualcomm employs mechanisms in their Snapdragon SoCs that prevent users from running their own code or modifying firmware or operating system code on their devices. Such mechanisms include Secure Boot where each boot stage authorizes the next stage establishing a "chain of trust". On power-on, the SoC executes the Primary Boot Loader (PBL), stored in immutable read-only memory (ROM) etched on the silicon die making it physically impossible to modify. PBL loads and authorizes the eXtended Boot Loader (XBL), which in turn loads and authorizes the next stage which can be another bootloader or the operating system, all of which are stored in rewritable flash memory. The SoC contains a set of one-time programmable (OTP) electronic fuses within the SoC, which store cryptographic signing keys along with other parameters such as enabling Secure Boot and debugging flags. The signing keys are generated by Qualcomm and the device OEM and are used by the various boot stages to verify images loaded from flash memory. The keys are not provided to the end user, preventing any modifications to the software images.		Qualcomm employs mechanisms in their Snapdragon SoCs that prevent users from running their own code or modifying firmware or operating system code on their devices. Such mechanisms include Secure Boot where each boot stage authorizes the next stage establishing a "chain of trust". On power-on, the SoC executes the Primary Boot Loader (PBL), stored in immutable read-only memory (ROM) etched on the silicon die making it physically impossible to modify. PBL loads and authorizes the eXtended Boot Loader (XBL), which in turn loads and authorizes the next stage which can be another bootloader or the operating system, all of which are stored in rewritable flash memory. The SoC contains a set of one-time programmable (OTP) electronic fuses within the SoC, which store cryptographic signing keys along with other parameters such as enabling Secure Boot and debugging flags. The signing keys are generated by Qualcomm and the device OEM and are used by the various boot stages to verify images loaded from flash memory. The keys are not provided to the end user, preventing any modifications to the software images.

	A technical paper by Qualcomm<ref>[https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/secure-boot-and-image-authentication.pdf Secure Boot and Image Authentication Technical Overview], ''Qualcomm Technologies Inc.'', Retrieved 2025-10-08</ref> details the Secure Boot mechanism and clarifies the entities allowed to authorize software running on the end device:		A technical paper by Qualcomm<ref>[https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/secure-boot-and-image-authentication.pdf Secure Boot and Image Authentication Technical Overview], ''Qualcomm Technologies Inc.'', Retrieved 2025-10-08 ([http://web.archive.org/web/20260125214228/https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/secure-boot-and-image-authentication.pdf Archived])</ref> details the Secure Boot mechanism and clarifies the entities allowed to authorize software running on the end device:
	<blockquote>The OTP eFuse configuration dictates the device custodian, who is commonly referred as the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The device OEM takes control of the device mutable software by loading a configuration file with their custom fuse values. The configuration file sets the fuses that enable secure boot and stores a cryptographic hash of the manufacturer public key certificate in the fuses reserved for it.		<blockquote>The OTP eFuse configuration dictates the device custodian, who is commonly referred as the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The device OEM takes control of the device mutable software by loading a configuration file with their custom fuse values. The configuration file sets the fuses that enable secure boot and stores a cryptographic hash of the manufacturer public key certificate in the fuses reserved for it.
	Moreover, the immutable hardware has the ability to include the OEM fuse configuration in platform key derivations along with hardware secrets provisioned into the chip by Qualcomm Technologies and the device OEM. Secure boot restricts all keys with these bindings to software signed by that OEM and to them alone. One of the guiding principles of Qualcomm Secure boot is that no software runs without an authorization from the OEM.</blockquote>The device OEM is set as the "device custodian" which controls the software that may run on the device. Further text describes other entities that may have a hand in authorizing software:		Moreover, the immutable hardware has the ability to include the OEM fuse configuration in platform key derivations along with hardware secrets provisioned into the chip by Qualcomm Technologies and the device OEM. Secure boot restricts all keys with these bindings to software signed by that OEM and to them alone. One of the guiding principles of Qualcomm Secure boot is that no software runs without an authorization from the OEM.</blockquote>The device OEM is set as the "device custodian" which controls the software that may run on the device. Further text describes other entities that may have a hand in authorizing software:

SinexTitan: added the Arduino acquistion

2026-01-16T09:25:36Z

added the Arduino acquistion

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 16 January 2026
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	Several entities are listed as being stakeholders in the final product, while no mention of the end user is made.		Several entities are listed as being stakeholders in the final product, while no mention of the end user is made.

	==~~Destroying/Closing down~~ of Arduino==		=== TOS change after acquistion of [[Arduino]] ===
	~~In essence~~, Qualcomm ~~is destroying~~ Arduino ~~by forcing new~~ Privacy ~~and ToS~~ that ~~undermines Arduino's community, and attempts to close down FoSS software:~~		On October 2025, Qualcomm acquired Arduino for an undisclosed amount, Shortly after this acquisition, the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy for Arduino was modified in a way that harmed consumers.

	~~https~~:~~//www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk04N1Tx2jo~~		The following is an incomplete list of these changes:

			* Introduction of an irrevocable, perpetual license granted to [[Qualcomm]] over all user-uploaded content

			* Surveillance-style monitoring implemented for AI features

			* Patent infringement identification clause preventing users from identifying potential patent violations

			* Extended data retention of usernames for years after account deletion

			* Global data integration of all user data (including minors' data) into Qualcomm's ecosystem

	==See also==		==See also==

	*[[AMD]]		*[[AMD]]
	*[[Intel]]		*[[Intel]]

SinexTitan: logo changed to SVG

2026-01-15T16:45:42Z

logo changed to SVG

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:45, 15 January 2026
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	\|Founded=1985-07		\|Founded=1985-07
	\|Industry=Semiconductors, Computer hardware, Telecommunications		\|Industry=Semiconductors, Computer hardware, Telecommunications
	\|Logo=~~Qualcomm-Logo~~.~~png~~		\|Logo=Qualcomm_logo.svg
	\|Type=Public		\|Type=Public
	\|Website=https://www.qualcomm.com/		\|Website=https://www.qualcomm.com/
	\|Description=Qualcomm Incorporated is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its Snapdragon line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.		\|Description=Qualcomm Incorporated is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its Snapdragon line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.
	}}[[wikipedia:Qualcomm\|'''Qualcomm Incorporated''']] is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its [[wikipedia:Qualcomm_Snapdragon\|Snapdragon]] line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.		}}
			[[wikipedia:Qualcomm\|'''Qualcomm Incorporated''']] is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its [[wikipedia:Qualcomm_Snapdragon\|Snapdragon]] line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.

	==Consumer-impact summary==		==Consumer-impact summary==
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	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk04N1Tx2jo		https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk04N1Tx2jo

	== See also ==		==See also==

	* [[AMD]]		*[[AMD]]
	* [[Intel]]		*[[Intel]]
	* [[Nvidia]]		*[[Nvidia]]

	==References==		==References==

Lionvilds: added cargo description

2026-01-05T00:02:59Z

added cargo description

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:02, 5 January 2026
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	\|Type=Public		\|Type=Public
	\|Website=https://www.qualcomm.com/		\|Website=https://www.qualcomm.com/
			\|Description=Qualcomm Incorporated is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its Snapdragon line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.
	}}[[wikipedia:Qualcomm\|'''Qualcomm Incorporated''']] is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its [[wikipedia:Qualcomm_Snapdragon\|Snapdragon]] line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.		}}[[wikipedia:Qualcomm\|'''Qualcomm Incorporated''']] is a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer, famous for its [[wikipedia:Qualcomm_Snapdragon\|Snapdragon]] line of System-on-Chips (SoC) targeted towards mobile phones, tablets, laptops among other types of devices. It also manufactures other components of mobile devices and telecommunication hardware including cellular modems, WiFi/Bluetooth chips and power management ICs.

SinexTitan: tone warning and list is now bullet pointed

2025-12-05T18:53:31Z

tone warning and list is now bullet pointed

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:53, 5 December 2025
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	{{CompanyCargo		{{ToneWarning}}{{CompanyCargo
	\|Founded=1985-07		\|Founded=1985-07
	\|Industry=Semiconductors, Computer hardware, Telecommunications		\|Industry=Semiconductors, Computer hardware, Telecommunications
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	Several entities are listed as being stakeholders in the final product, while no mention of the end user is made.		Several entities are listed as being stakeholders in the final product, while no mention of the end user is made.

	== Destroying/Closing down of Arduino ==		==Destroying/Closing down of Arduino==
	In essence, Qualcomm is destroying Arduino by forcing new Privacy and ToS that undermines Arduino's community, and attempts to close down FoSS software:		In essence, Qualcomm is destroying Arduino by forcing new Privacy and ToS that undermines Arduino's community, and attempts to close down FoSS software:

	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk04N1Tx2jo		https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk04N1Tx2jo

			== See also ==

			* [[AMD]]
			* [[Intel]]
			* [[Nvidia]]

	==References==		==References==

Andkje: Added recent news about Qualcomm's evil deeds.

2025-11-28T14:49:58Z

Added recent news about Qualcomm's evil deeds.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:49, 28 November 2025
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	a commonly used platform like the Qualcomm TEE, rather than inspect an individual OEM’s product. Hence, images that control assets linked to multiple stakeholders, or control shared resources on the SoC, are signed by both Qualcomm Technologies and the device manufacturer in a process known as double-signing. This is designed to ensure that any security-critical image can only be executed if it has been approved by Qualcomm Technologies and the device manufacturer.</blockquote>		a commonly used platform like the Qualcomm TEE, rather than inspect an individual OEM’s product. Hence, images that control assets linked to multiple stakeholders, or control shared resources on the SoC, are signed by both Qualcomm Technologies and the device manufacturer in a process known as double-signing. This is designed to ensure that any security-critical image can only be executed if it has been approved by Qualcomm Technologies and the device manufacturer.</blockquote>
	Several entities are listed as being stakeholders in the final product, while no mention of the end user is made.		Several entities are listed as being stakeholders in the final product, while no mention of the end user is made.

			== Destroying/Closing down of Arduino ==
			In essence, Qualcomm is destroying Arduino by forcing new Privacy and ToS that undermines Arduino's community, and attempts to close down FoSS software:

			https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk04N1Tx2jo

	==References==		==References==

Tooniis at 07:07, 8 October 2025

2025-10-08T07:07:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:07, 8 October 2025
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	===Restrictions on software modifications===		===Restrictions on software modifications===
	Qualcomm employs mechanisms in their Snapdragon SoCs that prevent users from running their own code or modifying firmware or operating system code on their devices. Such mechanisms include Secure Boot where each boot stage authorizes the next stage establishing a "chain of trust". On power-on, the SoC executes the Primary Boot Loader (PBL), stored in immutable read-only memory (ROM) etched in the silicon die making it physically impossible to modify. PBL loads and authorizes the eXtended Boot Loader (XBL), which in turn loads and authorizes the next stage which can be another bootloader or the operating system, all of which are stored in rewritable flash memory. The SoC contains a set of one-time programmable (OTP) electronic fuses within the SoC, which store cryptographic signing keys along with other parameters such as enabling Secure Boot and debugging flags. The signing keys are generated by Qualcomm and the device OEM and are used by the various boot stages to verify images loaded from flash memory. The keys are not provided to the end user, preventing any modifications to the software images.		Qualcomm employs mechanisms in their Snapdragon SoCs that prevent users from running their own code or modifying firmware or operating system code on their devices. Such mechanisms include Secure Boot where each boot stage authorizes the next stage establishing a "chain of trust". On power-on, the SoC executes the Primary Boot Loader (PBL), stored in immutable read-only memory (ROM) etched on the silicon die making it physically impossible to modify. PBL loads and authorizes the eXtended Boot Loader (XBL), which in turn loads and authorizes the next stage which can be another bootloader or the operating system, all of which are stored in rewritable flash memory. The SoC contains a set of one-time programmable (OTP) electronic fuses within the SoC, which store cryptographic signing keys along with other parameters such as enabling Secure Boot and debugging flags. The signing keys are generated by Qualcomm and the device OEM and are used by the various boot stages to verify images loaded from flash memory. The keys are not provided to the end user, preventing any modifications to the software images.

	A technical paper by Qualcomm<ref>[https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/secure-boot-and-image-authentication.pdf Secure Boot and Image Authentication Technical Overview], ''Qualcomm Technologies Inc.'', Retrieved 2025-10-08</ref> details the Secure Boot mechanism and clarifies the entities allowed to authorize software running on the end device:		A technical paper by Qualcomm<ref>[https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/secure-boot-and-image-authentication.pdf Secure Boot and Image Authentication Technical Overview], ''Qualcomm Technologies Inc.'', Retrieved 2025-10-08</ref> details the Secure Boot mechanism and clarifies the entities allowed to authorize software running on the end device:

Tooniis at 07:01, 8 October 2025

2025-10-08T07:01:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:01, 8 October 2025
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	==Controversial Practices==		==Controversial Practices==

	=== Restrictions on software modifications ===		===Restrictions on software modifications===
	Qualcomm employs mechanisms in their Snapdragon SoCs that prevent users from running their own code or modifying firmware or operating system code on their devices. Such mechanisms include Secure Boot where each boot stage authorizes the next stage establishing a "chain of trust". On power-on, the SoC executes the Primary Boot Loader (PBL), stored in immutable read-only memory (ROM) etched in the silicon die making it physically impossible to modify. PBL loads and authorizes the eXtended Boot Loader (XBL), which in turn loads and authorizes the next stage which can be another bootloader or the operating system, all of which are stored in rewritable flash memory. The SoC contains a set of one-time programmable (OTP) electronic fuses within the SoC, which store cryptographic signing keys along with other parameters such as enabling Secure Boot and debugging flags. The signing keys are generated by Qualcomm and the device OEM and are used by the various boot stages to verify images loaded from flash memory. The keys are not provided to the end user, preventing any modifications to the software images. A technical paper by Qualcomm<ref>[https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/secure-boot-and-image-authentication.pdf Secure Boot and Image Authentication Technical Overview], ''Qualcomm Technologies Inc.'', Retrieved 2025-10-08</ref> details the Secure Boot mechanism and clarifies the entities allowed to authorize software running on the end device:		Qualcomm employs mechanisms in their Snapdragon SoCs that prevent users from running their own code or modifying firmware or operating system code on their devices. Such mechanisms include Secure Boot where each boot stage authorizes the next stage establishing a "chain of trust". On power-on, the SoC executes the Primary Boot Loader (PBL), stored in immutable read-only memory (ROM) etched in the silicon die making it physically impossible to modify. PBL loads and authorizes the eXtended Boot Loader (XBL), which in turn loads and authorizes the next stage which can be another bootloader or the operating system, all of which are stored in rewritable flash memory. The SoC contains a set of one-time programmable (OTP) electronic fuses within the SoC, which store cryptographic signing keys along with other parameters such as enabling Secure Boot and debugging flags. The signing keys are generated by Qualcomm and the device OEM and are used by the various boot stages to verify images loaded from flash memory. The keys are not provided to the end user, preventing any modifications to the software images.

			A technical paper by Qualcomm<ref>[https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/secure-boot-and-image-authentication.pdf Secure Boot and Image Authentication Technical Overview], ''Qualcomm Technologies Inc.'', Retrieved 2025-10-08</ref> details the Secure Boot mechanism and clarifies the entities allowed to authorize software running on the end device:
	<blockquote>The OTP eFuse configuration dictates the device custodian, who is commonly referred as the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The device OEM takes control of the device mutable software by loading a configuration file with their custom fuse values. The configuration file sets the fuses that enable secure boot and stores a cryptographic hash of the manufacturer public key certificate in the fuses reserved for it.		<blockquote>The OTP eFuse configuration dictates the device custodian, who is commonly referred as the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The device OEM takes control of the device mutable software by loading a configuration file with their custom fuse values. The configuration file sets the fuses that enable secure boot and stores a cryptographic hash of the manufacturer public key certificate in the fuses reserved for it.
	Moreover, the immutable hardware has the ability to include the OEM fuse configuration in platform key derivations along with hardware secrets provisioned into the chip by Qualcomm Technologies and the device OEM. Secure boot restricts all keys with these bindings to software signed by that OEM and to them alone. One of the guiding principles of Qualcomm Secure boot is that no software runs without an authorization from the OEM.</blockquote>The device OEM is set as the "device custodian" which controls the software that may run on the device. Further text describes other entities that may have a hand in authorizing software:		Moreover, the immutable hardware has the ability to include the OEM fuse configuration in platform key derivations along with hardware secrets provisioned into the chip by Qualcomm Technologies and the device OEM. Secure boot restricts all keys with these bindings to software signed by that OEM and to them alone. One of the guiding principles of Qualcomm Secure boot is that no software runs without an authorization from the OEM.</blockquote>The device OEM is set as the "device custodian" which controls the software that may run on the device. Further text describes other entities that may have a hand in authorizing software: