Duolingo: Difference between revisions

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====Privacy====

According to the privacy policy, if a Duolingo Max user utilizes artificial-intelligence (AI) features, a copy of their text or audio data will be shared with vendors such as [[OpenAI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duolingo.com/privacy|title=Privacy Policy|work=Duolingo|date=2024-09-11|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124094802/https://www.duolingo.com/privacy|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> This is also similar for non-AI features, as Duolingo "may also collect and analyze your speech to help [it] understand the effectiveness of [its] lessons and to improve the product", though the data ~~are~~ anonymized.

According to the privacy policy, if a Duolingo Max user utilizes artificial-intelligence (AI) features, a copy of their text or audio data will be shared with vendors such as [[OpenAI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duolingo.com/privacy|title=Privacy Policy|work=Duolingo|date=2024-09-11|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124094802/https://www.duolingo.com/privacy|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> This is also similar for non-AI features, as Duolingo "may also collect and analyze your speech to help [it] understand the effectiveness of [its] lessons and to improve the product", though the data is anonymized.

It is also mentioned that when completing a lesson, a video of a user's lesson "will be logged by a service called FullStory". This service records usage patterns, device specs, and learning activity, and is only disabled by default for child users. Opting out requires going to FullStory's website.

The policy states the app works with third-party advertising networks to personalize advertising, such as with [[Google]], [[Meta]], [[OAuth]], and [[Unity]]. Personalized advertising can be disabled in the app's settings.

The policy states the app works with third-party advertising networks to [[Personalized Ads|personalize advertising]], such as with [[Google]], [[Meta]], [[OAuth]], and [[Unity Engine runtime fee|Unity]]. Personalized advertising can be disabled in the app's settings.

The Exodus Privacy project lists as many as 13 tracking, advertising and analytics service libraries being present in the Android version of the app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/de/reports/com.duolingo/latest/|title=Report for com.duolingo 6.22.3|work=exodus|date=2025-03-25|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250326193207/https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/de/reports/com.duolingo/latest/|archive-date=2025-03-26|url-status=live}}</ref> The app does not work for more than about one lesson without internet access, hence turning off internet access is not an option to prevent data exfiltration. The [https://trackercontrol.org/ F-Droid version of Tracker Control] can help with blocking some of the traffic to these services without impacting the functionality of the app.

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==Incidents==

~~=== Abusing iPhone Dynamic Island Feature for advertising (2026) ===~~

Ignoring Apple's app store guidelines, the company used the Dynamic Island feature, an area of the iOS screen reserved for notifying users of progress of background processes, to push a sales promotion with a countdown via its iPhone app.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwan |first=Ben |date=2026-01-05 |title=Duolingo is putting ads in Apple's Dynamic Island – even though it's not allowed |url=https://www.heise.de/en/news/Duolingo-is-putting-ads-in-Apple-s-Dynamic-Island-even-though-it-s-not-allowed-11128917.html |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Heise Online}}</ref>

===Data breach (2023)===

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On March 14, 2023, a new subscription service was released called "Duolingo Max", that promised highly personalized language learning with [[ChatGPT]]-4 integration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/duolingo-max/|title=Duolingo Max Uses OpenAI's GPT-4 For New Learning Features|author=Duolingo Team|date=2023-03-14|work=Duolingo Blog|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304001440/https://blog.duolingo.com/duolingo-max/|archive-date=2025-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2024, a new feature was added to the subscription that allowed users to interact with a character named Lily.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/video-call/|title=Duolingo's Video Call Offers Realistic Conversation Practice|author=Duolingo Team|date=2024-09-24|access-date=2025-03-26|work=Duolingo Blog|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306000114/https://blog.duolingo.com/video-call/|archive-date=2025-03-06|url-status=live}}</ref> This subscription feature would show on the "learning path"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/new-duolingo-home-screen-design/|title=The Science Behind Duolingo's Home Screen Redesign|first1=Holly|last1=Munson|first2=Anton|last2=Yu|first3=Ananya|last3=Rajgarhia|first4=Aj|last4=Noh|work=Duolingo Blog|date=2022-05-06|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302080539/https://blog.duolingo.com/new-duolingo-home-screen-design/|archive-date=2025-03-02|url-status=live}}</ref> for all users, regardless of their subscription status.

On September 3, 2024, users alleged they could not make a lesson have "legendary" status unless they paid for the "Duolingo Max" subscription to access the video-call lessons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/|title=How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/ChasingKilts|date=2024-09-03|work=Reddit|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/~~mwuQE~~|archive-date=~~2025-03-26~~|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the subscription was $30 per month and to get a legendary status for a lesson, each attempt would be 100 gems for free users<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/comment/llbedvt/|title=Bluerious518 comments on How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/Bluerious518|work=Reddit|date=2024-09-03|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/O5qvQ|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref> (not including Super Duolingo users).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/super-duolingo-launch/|title=Super Duolingo Is Duolingo's New Premium Product|first=Jay|last=Fanelli|work=Duolingo Blog|date=2022-06-08|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124090707/https://blog.duolingo.com/super-duolingo-launch/|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> Some users were able to fix the behavior, though the "go to legendary" button would still not bring users to a skipped or new level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/m6uspad/|title=haa888 comments on How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/haa888|work=Reddit|date=2025-01-13|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/Jzon1|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

On September 3, 2024, users alleged they could not make a lesson have "legendary" status unless they paid for the "Duolingo Max" subscription to access the video-call lessons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/|title=How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/ChasingKilts|date=2024-09-03|work=Reddit|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222215616/https://old.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/|archive-date=22 Feb 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the subscription was $30 per month and to get a legendary status for a lesson, each attempt would be 100 gems for free users<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/comment/llbedvt/|title=Bluerious518 comments on How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/Bluerious518|work=Reddit|date=2024-09-03|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/O5qvQ|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref> (not including Super Duolingo users).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/super-duolingo-launch/|title=Super Duolingo Is Duolingo's New Premium Product|first=Jay|last=Fanelli|work=Duolingo Blog|date=2022-06-08|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124090707/https://blog.duolingo.com/super-duolingo-launch/|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> Some users were able to fix the behavior, though the "go to legendary" button would still not bring users to a skipped or new level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/m6uspad/|title=haa888 comments on How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/haa888|work=Reddit|date=2025-01-13|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/Jzon1|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Implications====

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===Pay-to-win pattern===

Recently, some of the timed learning games inside the app are impossible to complete in the time allowed, even for a native speaker of the language. In order to win, the user needs to pay for a subscription to buy more time. This also means that the learning high scores can essentially be bought.

Recently, some of the timed learning games inside the app are impossible to complete in the time allowed, even for a native speaker of the language.{{Cite}} In order to win, the user needs to pay for a subscription to buy more time. This also means that the learning high scores can essentially be bought.

===Abusing iPhone Dynamic Island Feature for advertising (2026)===

Ignoring Apple's app store guidelines, the company used the Dynamic Island feature, an area of the iOS screen reserved for notifying users of progress of background processes, to push a sales promotion with a countdown via its iPhone app.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwan |first=Ben |date=2026-01-05 |title=Duolingo is putting ads in Apple's Dynamic Island – even though it's not allowed |url=https://www.heise.de/en/news/Duolingo-is-putting-ads-in-Apple-s-Dynamic-Island-even-though-it-s-not-allowed-11128917.html |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Heise Online |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260106005825/https://www.heise.de/en/news/Duolingo-is-putting-ads-in-Apple-s-Dynamic-Island-even-though-it-s-not-allowed-11128917.html |archive-date=6 Jan 2026}}</ref>

==Products==

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ====Privacy====
-According to the privacy policy, if a Duolingo Max user utilizes artificial-intelligence (AI) features, a copy of their text or audio data will be shared with vendors such as [[OpenAI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duolingo.com/privacy|title=Privacy Policy|work=Duolingo|date=2024-09-11|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124094802/https://www.duolingo.com/privacy|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> This is also similar for non-AI features, as Duolingo "may also collect and analyze your speech to help [it] understand the effectiveness of [its] lessons and to improve the product", though the data are anonymized.
+According to the privacy policy, if a Duolingo Max user utilizes artificial-intelligence (AI) features, a copy of their text or audio data will be shared with vendors such as [[OpenAI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duolingo.com/privacy|title=Privacy Policy|work=Duolingo|date=2024-09-11|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124094802/https://www.duolingo.com/privacy|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> This is also similar for non-AI features, as Duolingo "may also collect and analyze your speech to help [it] understand the effectiveness of [its] lessons and to improve the product", though the data is anonymized.
 It is also mentioned that when completing a lesson, a video of a user's lesson "will be logged by a service called FullStory". This service records usage patterns, device specs, and learning activity, and is only disabled by default for child users. Opting out requires going to FullStory's website.
-The policy states the app works with third-party advertising networks to personalize advertising, such as with [[Google]], [[Meta]], [[OAuth]], and [[Unity]]. Personalized advertising can be disabled in the app's settings.
+The policy states the app works with third-party advertising networks to [[Personalized Ads|personalize advertising]], such as with [[Google]], [[Meta]], [[OAuth]], and [[Unity Engine runtime fee|Unity]]. Personalized advertising can be disabled in the app's settings.
 The Exodus Privacy project lists as many as 13 tracking, advertising and analytics service libraries being present in the Android version of the app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/de/reports/com.duolingo/latest/|title=Report for com.duolingo 6.22.3|work=exodus|date=2025-03-25|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250326193207/https://reports.exodus-privacy.eu.org/de/reports/com.duolingo/latest/|archive-date=2025-03-26|url-status=live}}</ref> The app does not work for more than about one lesson without internet access, hence turning off internet access is not an option to prevent data exfiltration. The [https://trackercontrol.org/ F-Droid version of Tracker Control] can help with blocking some of the traffic to these services without impacting the functionality of the app.
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 ==Incidents==
-=== Abusing iPhone Dynamic Island Feature for advertising (2026) ===
-Ignoring Apple's app store guidelines, the company used the Dynamic Island feature, an area of the iOS screen reserved for notifying users of progress of background processes, to push a sales promotion with a countdown via its iPhone app.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwan |first=Ben |date=2026-01-05 |title=Duolingo is putting ads in Apple's Dynamic Island – even though it's not allowed |url=https://www.heise.de/en/news/Duolingo-is-putting-ads-in-Apple-s-Dynamic-Island-even-though-it-s-not-allowed-11128917.html |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Heise Online}}</ref>
 ===Data breach (2023)===
@@ Line 39: / Line 36: @@
 On March 14, 2023, a new subscription service was released called "Duolingo Max", that promised highly personalized language learning with [[ChatGPT]]-4 integration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/duolingo-max/|title=Duolingo Max Uses OpenAI's GPT-4 For New Learning Features|author=Duolingo Team|date=2023-03-14|work=Duolingo Blog|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304001440/https://blog.duolingo.com/duolingo-max/|archive-date=2025-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2024, a new feature was added to the subscription that allowed users to interact with a character named Lily.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/video-call/|title=Duolingo's Video Call Offers Realistic Conversation Practice|author=Duolingo Team|date=2024-09-24|access-date=2025-03-26|work=Duolingo Blog|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306000114/https://blog.duolingo.com/video-call/|archive-date=2025-03-06|url-status=live}}</ref> This subscription feature would show on the "learning path"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/new-duolingo-home-screen-design/|title=The Science Behind Duolingo's Home Screen Redesign|first1=Holly|last1=Munson|first2=Anton|last2=Yu|first3=Ananya|last3=Rajgarhia|first4=Aj|last4=Noh|work=Duolingo Blog|date=2022-05-06|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302080539/https://blog.duolingo.com/new-duolingo-home-screen-design/|archive-date=2025-03-02|url-status=live}}</ref> for all users, regardless of their subscription status.
-On September 3, 2024, users alleged they could not make a lesson have "legendary" status unless they paid for the "Duolingo Max" subscription to access the video-call lessons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/|title=How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/ChasingKilts|date=2024-09-03|work=Reddit|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/mwuQE|archive-date=2025-03-26|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the subscription was $30 per month and to get a legendary status for a lesson, each attempt would be 100 gems for free users<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/comment/llbedvt/|title=Bluerious518 comments on How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/Bluerious518|work=Reddit|date=2024-09-03|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/O5qvQ|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref> (not including Super Duolingo users).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/super-duolingo-launch/|title=Super Duolingo Is Duolingo's New Premium Product|first=Jay|last=Fanelli|work=Duolingo Blog|date=2022-06-08|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124090707/https://blog.duolingo.com/super-duolingo-launch/|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> Some users were able to fix the behavior, though the "go to legendary" button would still not bring users to a skipped or new level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/m6uspad/|title=haa888 comments on How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/haa888|work=Reddit|date=2025-01-13|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/Jzon1|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
+On September 3, 2024, users alleged they could not make a lesson have "legendary" status unless they paid for the "Duolingo Max" subscription to access the video-call lessons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/|title=How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/ChasingKilts|date=2024-09-03|work=Reddit|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222215616/https://old.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/|archive-date=22 Feb 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the subscription was $30 per month and to get a legendary status for a lesson, each attempt would be 100 gems for free users<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/comment/llbedvt/|title=Bluerious518 comments on How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/Bluerious518|work=Reddit|date=2024-09-03|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/O5qvQ|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref> (not including Super Duolingo users).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/super-duolingo-launch/|title=Super Duolingo Is Duolingo's New Premium Product|first=Jay|last=Fanelli|work=Duolingo Blog|date=2022-06-08|access-date=2025-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124090707/https://blog.duolingo.com/super-duolingo-launch/|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> Some users were able to fix the behavior, though the "go to legendary" button would still not bring users to a skipped or new level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/1f7wlul/how_am_i_supposed_to_legendary/m6uspad/|title=haa888 comments on How am I supposed to legendary?|author=u/haa888|work=Reddit|date=2025-01-13|access-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://archive.ph/Jzon1|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ====Implications====
@@ Line 45: / Line 42: @@
 ===Pay-to-win pattern===
-Recently, some of the timed learning games inside the app are impossible to complete in the time allowed, even for a native speaker of the language. In order to win, the user needs to pay for a subscription to buy more time. This also means that the learning high scores can essentially be bought.
+Recently, some of the timed learning games inside the app are impossible to complete in the time allowed, even for a native speaker of the language.{{Cite}} In order to win, the user needs to pay for a subscription to buy more time. This also means that the learning high scores can essentially be bought.
+===Abusing iPhone Dynamic Island Feature for advertising (2026)===
+Ignoring Apple's app store guidelines, the company used the Dynamic Island feature, an area of the iOS screen reserved for notifying users of progress of background processes, to push a sales promotion with a countdown via its iPhone app.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwan |first=Ben |date=2026-01-05 |title=Duolingo is putting ads in Apple's Dynamic Island – even though it's not allowed |url=https://www.heise.de/en/news/Duolingo-is-putting-ads-in-Apple-s-Dynamic-Island-even-though-it-s-not-allowed-11128917.html |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Heise Online |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260106005825/https://www.heise.de/en/news/Duolingo-is-putting-ads-in-Apple-s-Dynamic-Island-even-though-it-s-not-allowed-11128917.html |archive-date=6 Jan 2026}}</ref>
 ==Products==